环境高温与饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡生产性能、氮代谢和氮排放的影响

陈燕; 冯京海; 张敏红; 刘圈炜; 姜礼文

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.10.009

动物营养学报 >

2013 , Vol. 25 >Issue 10: 2254 - 2265

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.10.009

禽营养 Poultry Nutrition

环境高温与饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡生产性能、氮代谢和氮排放的影响

陈燕 ,
冯京海 ,
张敏红 ,
刘圈炜 ,
姜礼文

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1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193;
2. 海南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 海口 571100

收稿日期: 2013-04-26

网络出版日期: 2013-09-16

基金资助

国家十二五科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD39B00);国家重点实验室开放课题项目(2004DA125184F1310)

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Effects of High Temperature and Dietary Crude Protein Level on Performance, Nitrogen Metabolism and Emission in Broilers

CHEN Yan ,
FENG Jinghai ,
ZHANG Minhong ,
LIU Quanwei ,
JIANG Liwen

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1. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China

Received date: 2013-04-26

Online published: 2013-09-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究环境高温与饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平对28~42日龄肉鸡生产性能、氮代谢和氮排放的影响。试验选取576只爱拔益加肉鸡,采用2因子3水平试验设计:因子1为饲养方式,设有23 ℃恒温自由采食组(23 ℃ ad libtum group,23 ℃ AL组)、23 ℃恒温配对组(23 ℃ pair-fed group,23 ℃ PF组,其饲粮按照28/32 ℃日变高温自由采食组采食量供给)、28/32 ℃日变高温自由采食组(28/32 ℃ ad libtum group,28/32 ℃ AL组,28 ℃—32 ℃—28 ℃日变循环高温);因子2为饲粮CP水平,设21.19%、18.18%、14.90%3个水平,通过补充人工合成必需氨基酸(EAA),使各组饲粮蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸水平满足肉鸡营养需要,且保持一致。试验分为9组,每个组设8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。结果表明:1)相同饲粮CP水平下,28/32 ℃ AL组体重(BW)、平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均显著低于23 ℃ AL组(P<0.01),但与23 ℃ PF组差异不显著(P>0.05)。与23℃ AL组相比,28/32 ℃ AL组氮利用率显著降低(P<0.01),单位采食量氮排放量显著增加(P<0.05)。2)补充人工合成EAA,饲粮CP水平从21.19%降低到14.90%,肉鸡的单位体增重氮排放量、单位采食量氮排放量均显著减少(P<0.01),氮利用率、BW、ADG、ADFI均无显著变化(P>0.05)。由此可知,在日变循环高温条件下,肉鸡生产性能、氮利用率显著降低,氮排放量显著增加;补充人工合成EAA,饲粮CP水平降低到14.90%可以减少氮排放量而不影响肉鸡的BW、ADG、ADFI。

关键词： 环境高温; 粗蛋白质; 肉鸡; 生产性能; 氮排放

本文引用格式

陈燕 , 冯京海 , 张敏红 , 刘圈炜 , 姜礼文 . 环境高温与饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡生产性能、氮代谢和氮排放的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2013 , 25(10) : 2254 -2265 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.10.009

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of high temperature and dietary crude protein level on performance, nitrogen metabolism and emission in broilers aged 28 to 42 days. A total of 576 Arbor Acres broilers were chosen in this experiment and an experimental design with 2 factors and 3 levels per factor was used: factor 1 was feeding mode, namely, 23 ℃ ad libtum (AL), 23 ℃ pair-fed (PF, the diet was supplied according to the feed intake of broilers at a cyclic high temperature of 28 ℃-32 ℃-28 ℃) and 28/32 ℃ ad libtum (AL, at a cyclic high temperature of 28 ℃-32 ℃-28 ℃); factor 2 was dietary crude protein level, namely, 21.19%, 18.18% and 14.90%, and Met, Lys, Thr and Trp levels in the diets of all groups were the same and could meet the need of broilers by supplementing synthetic essential amino acids. The broilers were randomly divided to 9 groups with 8 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate. The results showed as follows: 1) at the same dietary crude protein level, the body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 28/32 ℃ AL group were significantly lower than those of 23 ℃ AL group (P<0.01), but were not significantly different from those of 23 ℃ PF group (P>0.05). Compared with 23 ℃ AL group, the nitrogen utilization of 28/32 ℃ AL group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while nitrogen excretion per feed intake was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) When dietary crude protein level was reduced from 21.19% to 14.90% and synthetic essential amino acids were supplemented, nitrogen excretion per weight gain and nitrogen excretion per feed intake were significantly decreased (P<0.01), but nitrogen utilization, BW, ADG and ADFI were not significantly changed (P>0.05). In conclusion, under the daily cycle high temperature condition, performance and nitrogen utilization are significantly decreased, and nitrogen emission is significantly increased. By adding supplemental synthetic essential amino acids, as dietary crude protein level is reduced to 14.90%, nitrogen emission decreases without affecting BW, ADG and ADFI of broilers.

Key words： high temperature; crude protein; broiler; performance; nitrogen emission

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