本试验旨在研究L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响。选取均重为(16.25±0.03) g的湘云鲫450尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复25尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、1、2、4、8和16 g/kg L-苹果酸的试验饲料,试验期90 d。结果表明:饲料中添加L-苹果酸可显著降低饲料pH和系酸力(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高湘云鲫的摄食量和增重率,降低饲料系数,并在添加水平为4 g/kg时达到最佳生长性能。饲料中L-苹果酸添加水平为0~8 g/kg时,全鱼水分含量逐渐下降,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量逐渐增加,且4和8 g/kg组均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质沉积率在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪和灰分沉积率则在8 g/kg组最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。肠道淀粉酶活性在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均在8 g/kg组达到最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,且上述指标均在4 g/kg组达到最佳值,并与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中适量添加L-苹果酸可促进湘云鲫的生长,降低饲料系数,增加鱼体营养物质沉积,提高消化和抗氧化能力;L-苹果酸在湘云鲫饲料中的适宜添加量为4~8 g/kg。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of L-malic acid on growth performance, body composition, digestion and antioxidant capacity of triploid cucian carp (Carassius auratus). A total of 450 triploid cucian carp with an average body weight of (16.24±0.06) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 25 fish in each replicate. The fish in the 6 groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 g/kg of L-malic acid for 90 d, respectively. The results showed as follows: L-malic acid supplementation could significantly reduce the pH and acid-binding acidity of diets (P<0.05). L-malic acid supplementation could significantly increase the feed intake (FI) and weight gain rate (WGR) as well as reduce the feed conversation rate (FCR), and the best growth performance was found in the 4 g/kg group. When the supplemental level of L-malic acid was from 0 to 8 g/kg, the moisture content in whole body was gradually reduced, while the crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents were gradually increased, and those indices in the 4 and 8 g/kg groups had significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). The highest dietary protein retention ratio was found in the 4 g/kg group and the highest dietary lipid retention ratio and ash retention ratio were found in the 8 g/kg group, and had significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). The highest amylase activity in intestine was found in the 4 g/kg group and the highest activities of lipase, trypsin and Na+/K+-ATPase in intestine were found in the 8 g/kg group, and had significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). L-malic acid supplementation could significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maltate dehydrogenase (MDH) and decrease maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in liver; meanwhile, the best values of them were all found in the 4 g/kg group and had significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementing appropriate amount of L-malic acid can promote the growth, reduce the FCR, increase the body nutrient deposition, and improve the digestion and antioxidant capacity of triploid cucian carp. The optimal supplemental level of L-malic acid in the triploid cucian carp diet is 4 to 8 g/kg.
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