本试验旨在研究不同铜源对育成期雌性银狐生长性能、营养物质消化率以及血液生化指标的影响,以寻求育成期雌性银狐饲粮中适宜铜源。试验选取40只平均体重为(3 315±11) g的健康雌性银狐,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。各组银狐分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铜(Ⅰ组)、蛋氨酸螯合铜(Ⅱ组)、硫酸铜(Ⅲ组)、柠檬酸铜(Ⅳ组)的试验饲粮,各试验饲粮中铜源的添加水平以铜计均为30 mg/kg。基础饲粮中铜含量为5.47 mg/kg。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:不同铜源对育成期雌性银狐的末重、平均日增重和料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05),对平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅳ组的末重和平均日增重显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组的料重比显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。不同铜源对育成期雌性银狐的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪的消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。血清总蛋白、尿素氮、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、铜蓝蛋白含量及碱性磷酸酶活性各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但Ⅳ组尿素氮含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均略高于其他组。不同铜源对育成期雌性银狐的血清白蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),对血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性有极显著影响(P<0.01)。Ⅳ组血清白蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ和Ⅲ组血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、营养物质消化率及血液生化指标,得出育成期雌性银狐饲粮适宜铜源为柠檬酸铜。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different copper sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical parameters of female silver foxes during growth period, and in order to investigate the optimal copper source for the diet of female silver foxes during growth period. Forty female silver foxes with an average body weight of (3 315±11) g were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 silver fox per replicate. The silver foxes in the 4 groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with different copper sources, which were glycine chelate copper (group Ⅰ), methionine chelate copper (group Ⅱ), copper sulfate (group Ⅲ ) and citric acid copper (group Ⅳ), respectively. The copper level in the basal diet was 5.47 mg/kg, and the copper supplemental level of all experimental diets was 30 mg/kg (counted with copper). The experiment included an adaptation period for 7 days and a test period for 45 days. The results showed as follows: different copper sources had significant effects on final weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P>0.05). The finial weight and ADG in the group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in the group Ⅲ (P<0.05), and the F/G in the group Ⅳwas significantly lower than that in the group Ⅱ (P<0.05). Different copper sources had no significant effect on digestibility of dry matter, protein and fat (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (UN), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), ceruloplasmin (CP) contents and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity among all groups (P>0.05), but the UN content and ALP activity in the group Ⅳ were all higher than those in the other groups. Different copper sources had significant effects on serum albumin (ALB) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P<0.05), and had a extremely significant effect on serum Cu/Zn-SOD activity (P<0.01). The serum ALB content in the group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05), the serum SOD activity in the group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), and Cu/Zn-SOD in the groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in the group Ⅱ (P<0.05). Under this study conditions, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical parameters, the optimal dietary copper source is citric acid copper for female silver foxes during growth period.
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