本试验旨在研究爱拔益加(AA)肉种鸡产蛋后期能量限饲对子代生长性能、血清生化指标和血清、胸肌抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取55周龄体况一致的AA肉种鸡270羽,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复15羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(代谢能为11.70 MJ/kg),试验组饲粮能量水平分别为对照组的80%、70%(代谢能分别为9.36和8.19 MJ/kg),其余营养水平均相同,各组每日限量饲喂相同料量,于60~62周龄进行人工授精,收集种蛋,孵化得到子代。每组选取肉仔鸡公雏60羽,每组5个重复,每个重复12羽,自由采食同种基础饲粮,饲养期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,80%、70%能量组子代出雏重(1日龄体重)显著降低(P<0.05),42日龄体重显著升高(P<0.05),80%能量组子代1~21日龄、1~42日龄及70%能量组子代1~21日龄的平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,80%、70%能量组子代42日龄血清甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,21日龄时,70%能量组子代血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),42日龄时,80%、70%能量组子代血清T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05),70%能量组子代血清T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05)。同时,与对照组相比,21日龄时,80%、70%能量组子代胸肌T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);42日龄时,80%、70%能量组子代胸肌T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05),70%能量组子代胸肌T-SOD活性和丙二醛含量分别显著升高和降低(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,肉种鸡产蛋后期能量限饲对子代生长发育具有显著的母体营养效应,并降低了其出雏重,但子代在生长过程中表现出明显的补偿性生长,同时子代脂肪沉积速度明显降低,血清和胸肌抗氧化能力得到显著提高。

This present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary energy restriction in Arbor Acres (AA) broiler breeders during the late laying period on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity in serum and breast muscle of their offspring. Two hundred and seventy 55-week-old AA broiler breeders were subjected to a completely randomized single factor experimental design with 3 different treatments, and each treatment included 6 replicates of 15 birds per replicate. Treatment 1 was the control group, in which a normal energy density diet (ND, 11.70 MJ/kg of ME) was fed during the experiment. In treatments 2 and 3, the levels of energy were decreased by 20% and 30% (LD20, 9.36 MJ/kg of ME, and LD30, 8.19 MJ/kg of ME), respectively, while the other nutrient levels were the same. The broiler breeders, who were restrictedly fed the same amount of diets every day, were fertilized from the 60th to 62th weeks and then hatched to give birth to their offspring. A total of 60 male broilers selected from each treatment were divided into 5 replicates of 12 chickens per replicate. The chickens had the same basal diet ad libitum and were reared for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the offspring from either LD20 or LD30 group had lower birth weight (body weight at 1 day of age) but higher body weight at 42 days of age (P<0.05). The offspring from LD20 group had higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) at 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age (P<0.05), and those from LD30 group had higher ADFI and ADG at 1 to 21 days of age (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the triglyceride (TG) content in serum of 42-day-old offspring from either LD20 or LD30 group was found to be remarkably decreased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum of 21-day-old offspring from LD30 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and T-AOC in serum of 42-day-old offspring from both LD20 and LD30 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), as well as the activity of T-SOD in serum of 42-day-old offspring from LD30 group (P<0.05). The offspring from either LD20 or LD30 group had higher T-SOD activity in breast muscle at 21 days of age and higher T-AOC at 42 days of age (P<0.05). Additionally, the activity of T-SOD in breast muscle of 42-day-old offspring from LD30 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly declined (P<0.05). It is concluded that energy restriction in broiler breeder diets during the late laying period shows a significant maternal effect on the development of their offspring who show compensatory effects on the growth after birth weight is decreased. In addition, the rate of fat deposition is reduced and antioxidant capacity in serum and breast muscle is improved.