为了对江鳕肌肉的营养品质进行评价,利用常规方法对野生江鳕(采集自牡丹江海浪河流域)肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行测定。结果表明:江鳕肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为81.82%、15.93%、0.44%和1.06%;肌肉(干样)中含有17种氨基酸,总量为72.43%,其中7种必需氨基酸(EAA),总量为29.82%,占氨基酸总量的41.17%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例达到联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)优质蛋白质标准;肌肉(干样)中含有4种鲜味氨基酸(DAA),总量为28.34%,占氨基酸总量的39.13%;肌肉(干样)中C20: 5n-3 (EPA)和C22: 6n-3 (DHA)含量分别为8.65%和20.32%,明显高于斑驳尖塘鳢(EPA:2.24%,DHA:4.74%)、中华倒刺鲃(EPA:0.87%,DHA:3.08%)和舌虾虎鱼(EPA:3.94%,DHA:8.10%)等养殖鱼类。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS),江鳕的第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸),其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为62.58。综上,江鳕含有丰富的氨基酸和高不饱和脂肪酸,氨基酸组成合理,是一种具有较高营养价值和保健价值的淡水鱼类,具有良好的开发利用前景。

In order to evaluate the nutritive quality in muscle of Lota lota (Linnaeus), the common nutrient components, amino acid composition and fatty acid composition in muscle of wild Lota lota (captured in Hailang section of Mudan river) were determined by routine methods. The results showed that the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash in fresh muscle of Lota lota were 81.82%, 15.93%, 0.44% and 1.06%, respectively. Seventeen kinds of amino acids were found in muscle of Lota lota (Linnaeus) including 7 kinds of essential amino acids (EAA). In dry muscle, the content of total amino acids (TAA) was 72.43%, the content of EAA was 29.82%, and the percentage of EAA to TAA was 41.17% which was met the high-quality protein standard of the Food and Agriculture Organization/Word Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Four kinds of delicious amino acids (DAA) accounted for 28.34% in dry muscle, and the percentage of DAA to TAA was 39.13%. The contents of C20: 5n-3 (EPA) and C22: 6n-3 (DHA) in dry muscle were 8.65% and 20.32%, respectively, which were much higher than those of most cultured fish species, such as Oxyeleotris marmorata (EPA:2.24%, DHA:4.74%), Spinibarbus sinensis (EPA: 0.87%, DHA: 3.08%) and Glossogobius giuris (EPA:3.94%, DHA:8.10%), etc. According to the amino acids score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limited amino acid of Lota lota (Linnaeus) was sulfur amino acid (methionine+cysteine), and the essential amino acids index (EAAI) of Lota lota (Linnaeus) was 62.58. The results indicate that the contents of amino acids and high-unsaturated fatty acids in muscle of Lota lota (Linnaeus) are higher, and the composition of amino acids is reasonable, thus, Lota lota (Linnaeus) is a high quality freshwater fish with high nutritive value and health value which has good prospects for exploitation and utilization.