动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 1: 227 - 235

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.01.030

研究简报 Short Communications

饲粮粗饲料组成和营养水平对奶牛血浆内毒素和代谢产物含量的影响

  • 章森 ,
  • 董国忠 ,
  • 周俊 ,
  • 王玺 ,
  • 邱敏 ,
  • 雷春龙 ,
  • 靳露
展开
  • 西南大学动物科技学院, 重庆市牧草与草食家畜重点实验室, 重庆 400716

收稿日期: 2013-07-31

  网络出版日期: 2013-12-24

基金资助

国家“973计划”项目（2011CB100803）

收起

Effects of Dietary Roughage Composition and Nutrient Levels on Plasma Endotoxin and Metabolite Contents in Dairy Cows

  • ZHANG Sen ,
  • DONG Guozhong ,
  • ZHOU Jun ,
  • WANG Xi ,
  • QIU Min ,
  • LEI Chunlong ,
  • JIN Lu
Expand
  • Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivores, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China

Received date: 2013-07-31

  Online published: 2013-12-24

Fold

摘要

本研究旨在探讨饲粮粗饲料组成和营养水平对奶牛血浆内毒素和代谢产物含量的影响，并进一步研究血浆内毒素与代谢产物含量变化的关系。试验采用单因素随机区组设计，选用经产（第2胎）、体况良好及泌乳天数[(193±21) d]相近的荷斯坦奶牛30头，分为3组，每组10头。单一秸秆高精料（HCS）组和单一秸秆低精料（LCS）组的粗饲料只有玉米秸秆；混合粗饲料低精料（LMF）组的粗饲料组成有羊草干草、苜蓿干草和全株玉米青贮，3组饲粮精饲料种类相同。HCS、LCS、LMF组的饲粮精粗比分别为65：35、46：54、46：54。HCS和LMF组的营养水平相近且高于LCS组。试验期56 d。结果表明：1）HCS组血浆内毒素含量显著高于LCS组（P<0.05），同时有高于LMF组的趋势（P>0.05）。2）HCS组血浆非酯化脂肪酸含量极显著高于LCS和LMF组（P<0.01）；HCS组血浆β-羟丁酸含量极显著低于LCS和LMF组（P<0.01）；HCS组血浆铜、钙、磷含量显著高于LCS和LMF组（P<0.05）；LCS组血浆总游离氨基酸含量显著低于HCS和LMF组（P<0.05）。3）血浆内毒素和非酰化脂肪酸含量呈极显著的正相关（R2=0.312 8，P<0.01）；血浆内毒素和β-羟丁酸含量呈负相关趋势（R2=0.121 0，P<0.10）；血浆内毒素与铜含量呈显著的正相关（R2=0.227 9，P<0.05）；血浆内毒素与锰含量呈极显著的负相关（R2=0.335 9，P<0.01）。综上所述，血浆内毒素含量受到饲粮精粗比的影响，血浆游离氨基酸含量主要受到饲粮营养水平的影响；高精料饲粮可影响血浆中部分代谢产物的含量，这些代谢产物含量与血浆内毒素含量有着密切关系。

关键词： 奶牛; 内毒素; 代谢产物; 饲粮; 营养水平

本文引用格式

章森 , 董国忠 , 周俊 , 王玺 , 邱敏 , 雷春龙 , 靳露 . 饲粮粗饲料组成和营养水平对奶牛血浆内毒素和代谢产物含量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(1) : 227 -235 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.01.030

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary roughage composition and nutrient levels on plasma endotoxin and metabolite contents in dairy cow, and to further explore the relationships between plasma endotoxin and metabolite contents. A total of 30 healthy lactating Holstein cows with the same parity and similar day in milk [(193±21) days] were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 10 cows per group in a single-factor randomized complete block design. Concentrate feeds of the three groups were the same. The high concentrate corn straw (HCS) group's roughage was only corn straw, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 65：35. The low concentrate corn straw (LCS) group's roughage was also only corn straw, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 46：54. The low concentrate mixed forage (LMF) group's roughage was consisted of dry Chinese wildrye, dry alfalfa hay and corn silage, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 46：54. HCS group and LMF group had similar nutrient levels, and were higher than LCS group. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed as follows: 1) the plasma endotoxin content of HCS group was significantly higher than that of LCS group (P<0.05) and was slightly higher than that of LMF group (P>0.05). 2) The plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content of HCS group was significantly higher than that of LCS group and LMF group (P<0.01). The plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid content of HCS group was significantly lower than that of LCS group and LMF group (P<0.01). The plasma copper, calcium and phosphorus contents of HCS group were significantly higher than those of LCS group and LMF group (P<0.05). The plasma total amino acid content of LCS group was significantly lower than that of HCS group and LMF group (P<0.05). 3) The plasma endotoxin and NEFA contents showed a significant positive correlation (R2=0.312 8, P<0.01). Plasma endotoxin and β-hydroxybutyric acid contents showed a negative correlation trend (R2=0.121 0, P<0.10). Plasma endotoxin and Mn contents showed a significant negative correlation (R2=0.335 9, P<0.01). Plasma endotoxin and Cu contents showed a significant positive correlation (R2=0.227 9, P<0.05). In conclusion, plasma endotoxin content is mainly affected by the ratio of concentrate to roughage of diets. Plasma free amino acid contents are mainly affected by dietary nutrient levels. High concentrate can greatly affect the contents of some plasma metabolites which are closely related to the plasma endotoxin content.

Key words： dairy cows; endotoxin; metabolite; diet; nutrient level

参考文献

[1] KHAFIPOUR E, KRAUSE D O, PLAIZIER J C.A grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis challenge causes translocation of lipopolysaccharide and triggers inflammation[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2009, 92(3):1060-1070.  

[2] ZEBELI Q, DUNN S M, AMETAJ B N.Perturbations of plasma metabolites correlated with the rise of rumen endotoxin in dairy cows fed diets rich in easily degradable carbohydrates[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2011, 94(5):2374-2382.  

[3] AMETAJ B N, EMMANUEL D G V, ZEBELI Q, et al.Feeding high proportions of barley grain in a total mixed ration perturbs diurnal patterns of plasma metabolites in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2009, 92(3):1084-1091.  

[4] ZEBELI Q, DUNN S M, AMETAJ B N.Strong associations among rumen endotoxin and acute phase proteins with plasma minerals in lactating cows fed graded amounts of concentrate[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 88(4):1545-1553.  

[5] WALDRON M R, NONNECKE B J, ISHIDA T N, et al.Effect of lipopolysaccharide infusion on serum macromineral and vitamin D concentrations in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2003, 86(11):3440-3446.  

[6] WAGGONER J W, LÖEST C A, TURNER J L, et al.Effects of bacterial endotoxin and dietary protein on serum hormones and plasma amino acids in growing steers[J].American Society of Animal Science, 2007, 58:348-351.

[7] WAGGONER J W, LEST C A, MATHIS C P, et al.Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 87(2):681-692.

[8] ANDERSEN P H, BERGELIN B, CHRISTENSEN K A.Effect of feeding regimen on concentration of free endotoxin in ruminal fluid of cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1994, 72(2):487-491.

[9] DOUGHERTY R W, COBURN K S, COOK H M, et al.Preliminary study of appearance of endotoxin in circulatory system of sheep and cattle after induced grain engorgement[J].American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1975, 36(6):831-832.

[10] 张瑞阳, 王东升, 朱伟云, 等.奶牛静脉血内毒素浓度及其与产奶量的相关性[J].动物营养学报, 2012, 24(5):822-827.

[11] 吴永霞.不同日粮模式对奶山羊和奶牛血中内毒素含量及免疫活化状态的影响[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学, 2012:31-41.

[12] WALDRON M R, NISHIDA T, NONNECKE B J, et al.Effect of lipopolysaccharide on indices of peripheral and hepatic metabolism in lactating cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2003, 86(11):3447-3459.  

[13] 张石蕊, 易学武, 贺喜, 等.不同精粗比全混合日粮饲养技术对南方奶牛采食行为、产奶性能和血清游离氨基酸的影响[J].草业学报, 2008, 17(3):23-30.

[14] WU G, FANG Y Z, YANG S, et al.Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health[J].The Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 134(3):489-492.

[15] REEDS P J, JAHOOR F.The amino acid requirements of disease[J].Clinical Nutrition, 2001, 20(Suppl.1):15-22.

[16] 巩庆亮.不同精料日粮对奶牛瘤胃需氧及兼性厌氧菌和矿物质元素代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学, 2008:47-55.

[17] BLACK S, KUSHNER I, SAMOLS D.C-reactive protein[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004, 279:48487-48490.

[18] WANG L M, COLN W.Effect of zinc, copper, and calcium on the structure and stability of serum amyloid A[J].Biochemistry, 2007, 46(18):5562-5569.  

[19] PETZL W, GVNTHER J, PFISTER T, et al.Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment of the udder protects against experimental Escherichia coli mastitis[J].Innate Immunity, 2012, 18(3):467-477.  

[20] GOFF J P, REINHARDT T A, HORST R L.Enzymes and factors controlling vitamin D metabolism and action in normal and milk fever cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74(11):4022-4032.  
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2