不同能量水平的饲粮对3~6月龄犊牛生长发育及血清指标的影响

崔祥; 刁其玉; 张乃锋; 曾书秦; 刘策; 屠焰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.014

动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 4: 947 - 961

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.014

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

不同能量水平的饲粮对3~6月龄犊牛生长发育及血清指标的影响

崔祥 ,
刁其玉 ,
张乃锋 ,
曾书秦 ,
刘策 ,
屠焰

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中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 北京 100081

收稿日期: 2013-10-24

网络出版日期: 2014-04-01

基金资助

奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队；“十二五”国家支撑计划“华北农区及北方大城市奶牛健康养殖生产技术集成及产业化示范”（2012BAD12B06）

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Effects of Diets with Different Energy Levels on Growth and Development and Serum Indexes of Calves Aged from 3 to 6 Months

CUI Xiang ,
DIAO Qiyu ,
ZHANG Naifeng ,
ZENG Shuqin ,
LIU Ce ,
TU Yan

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Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2013-10-24

Online published: 2014-04-01

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同能量水平的饲粮对3~6月龄犊牛生长发育及相关血清指标的影响。选取约98日龄中国荷斯坦断奶母犊牛32头，随机分为A、B、C和D 4个组，对应饲喂产奶净能分别为6.24、7.04、7.53和7.85 MJ/kg的试验饲粮，试验期82 d。于犊牛98、120、150和180日龄清晨空腹测定犊牛生长发育指标，并采集血液样品进行分析。结果表明：1）在试验全期（98~180日龄），4组犊牛平均日增重分别为0.64、0.75、0.78和0.84 kg/d，组间差异不显著（P>0.05），但151~180日龄，D组犊牛平均日增重极显著高于A组（P<0.01）。2）在180日龄，D组犊牛的体斜长较A组显著提高（P<0.05）；D组犊牛体况评分极显著高于A组（P<0.01）。3）产奶净能为7.53和7.85 MJ/kg的饲粮可显著改善犊牛饲料转化率（P<0.05）；饲粮不同能量水平对各日龄犊牛乳头长度影响不显著（P>0.05）。4）在试验全期，高产奶净能饲粮组（C、D组）犊牛血清胆固醇含量显著高于A组（P<0.05）；血清低密度脂蛋白含量随饲粮产奶净能升高呈升高的趋势（P<0.10），血清尿素氮含量则出现降低的趋势（P<0.10）。5）饲喂产奶净能为7.04 MJ/kg的饲粮时，犊牛血清雌二醇和瘦素含量最高；饲喂产奶净能为7.85 MJ/kg的饲粮时，犊牛血清胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量最低。由此得出，饲喂产奶净能为7.53 MJ/kg的饲粮既可保持3~6月龄犊牛较高平均日增重（0.78 kg/d），又不会影响犊牛健康、体型及乳腺的正常发育。

关键词： 犊牛; 能量; 生长; 乳腺发育; 血清指标

本文引用格式

崔祥 , 刁其玉 , 张乃锋 , 曾书秦 , 刘策 , 屠焰 . 不同能量水平的饲粮对3~6月龄犊牛生长发育及血清指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(4) : 947 -961 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.014

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diets with different energy levels on growth and development and serum indexes of calves aged from 3 to 6 months. A total of 32 Chinese Holstein calves aged about 98 days were randomly divided into 4 groups (groups A, B, C and D). Each group was subjected to one of the following 4 diets with 6.24, 7.04, 7.53, and 7.85 MJ/kg net energy for lactation for 82 days. Body growth and blood samples were determined at 98, 120, 150 and 180 days of age prior to morning feeding. The results showed as follows: 1) during the experimental whole period (98 to 180 days of age), the average daily gains which were 0.64, 0.75, 0.78, and 0.84 kg/d, respectively, for the 4 groups, did not differ (P>0.05), but during 151 to 180 days of age, the calves of group D had greater average daily gain than those of group A (P<0.01). 2) At 180 days of age, the body length of calves of group D was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.05). The calves of group D had greater body condition score than those of group A (P<0.01). 3) The diets with 7.53 and 7.85 MJ/kg net energy for lactation improved the feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Nipple length did not differ among groups (P>0.05). 4) During the experimental whole period, calves fed high net energy for lactation diets (groups C and D) had higher serum cholesterol content than group A (P<0.05); serum low density lipoprotein content tended to increase with the increasing net energy for lactaion (P<0.10), whereas serum urea nitrogen content had the opposite tendency (P<0.10). 5) Calves fed the diet with 7.04 MJ/kg net energy for lactation had the highest serum contents of estradiol and leptin, and those fed the diet with 7.85 MJ/kg net energy for lactation had the lowest serum contents of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ. The diet with 7.53 MJ/kg net energy for lactation can maintain the average daily gain of calves (0.78 kg/d) with no adverse effects on body dimensions and mammary development.

Key words： calves; energy; growth; mammary gland development; serum indexes

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