本研究旨在探讨妊娠期母猪膘情对窝产活仔数、初生窝重、胎盘效率和断奶窝重的影响。本试验以长白母猪为对象对98头经产母猪分娩前的背膘进行测定，根据背膘厚度分为厚（21~27 mm）、适中（16~20 mm）、薄（10~15 mm）3组。同时记录母猪分娩后窝产活仔数、初生窝重、胎盘重以及21 d仔猪断奶重。胎盘效率为初生窝重与胎盘重的比值。结果表明：背膘厚度适中组的窝产活仔数显著高于背膘厚度薄组和厚组（P0.05）。由此可知，妊娠期母猪膘情适中可改善窝产活仔数和初生窝重，所以通过营养调控改善过肥过瘦的不良体况尤为重要。
In this study, we determined the effects of fat mass in pregnant sows on litter live size, birth litter weight, placental efficiency, and weaning litter weight. A total of 98 gestational sows from Yorkshire×Landrace hybrid were grouped into high backfat thickness (21 to 27 mm), medium backfat thickness (16 to 20 mm) and low backfat thickness (10 to 15 mm), respectively, according to the measurement of back skinfold thickness before delivery. The litter live size, birth litter weight, placental weight and weaning weight at 21 d were measured after childbearing. Also, placental efficiency was calculated by the ratio of birth litter weight to placental weight. We found that litter live size in medium backfat thickness sows was significantly increased compared with that in low and high backfat thickness sows (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increase of backfat thickness in pregnant sows significantly reduced birth litter weight and placental efficiency (P<0.05). However, weaning litter weight was not significantly influenced by adipose deposition in pregnancy. Taken together, these data demonstrate that adequate fat mass during pregnancy can promote litter live size, birth litter weight and placental efficiency in sows, so improving thinner and fatter mass condition through nutritional regulation is particularly important.
[1] 华坚青,楼平儿,种土木,等.超声波仪器在养猪生产中的应用[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2003,28(2):19-20.
[2] 邓立新,贺文.猪眼肌面积和背膘厚的B超测定技术[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,26(9):55.
[3] 张守全,陈文广,冯定远,等.长白、大白母猪胎盘效率与产仔数关系的研究[J].养猪,2002(2):14-15.
[4] WILSON M E,BIENSEN N J,FORD S P.Novel insight into the control of litter size in pigs,using placental efficiency as a selection tool[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,77(7):1654-1658.
[5] 王继英,武英,郭建凤,等.大约克、杜洛克母猪胎盘效率的研究[J].山东农业科学,2006(1):65-66.
[6] 李光全,王立贤,刘剑锋.大白猪胎盘效率遗传参数初步研究[J].北京农学院学报,2002,17(4):59-62.
[7] HULSEGGE B,MERKUS G S M.A comparison of the optical probe HGP and the ultrasonic devices Renco and Pie Medical for estimation of the lean meat proportion in pig carcasses[J].Journal of Animal Science,1997,64:379-383.
[8] 曹果清,刘文忠,周忠孝,等.影响猪断奶窝重的主要性状[J].山西农业大学学报1998,18(2):133-135.
[9] 吕明臣,顾百林,吴庚业,等.体能储备对母猪生产性能的影响[J].养猪,2010(2):15.
[10] 罗卫星,蔡惠芬,费佐元.妊娠母猪膘情对繁殖性能的影响[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2010,34(5):1-4.
[11] 顾赛红.母猪营养与繁殖性能的改善[J].国外畜牧科技,1998,25(4):10-12.
[12] 张景琰,冀晓红,郭永升.提高母猪繁殖性能的营养调控[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2005,30(1):6-8.
[13] 谢方彬,张秀春.母猪发生化胎死胎及流产的原因与对策[J].中国猪业,2007(7):50.
[14] 张国华.浅谈母猪产死胎的原因及综合防治措施[J].云南畜牧兽医,2007(1):13.
[15] 张玉海,胡海玉,赵明星,等.母猪膘情与其繁殖性能关系的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(2):63-64.
[16] AMARAL FILHA W S,BERNARDI M L,WENTZ I,et al.Reproductive performance of gilts according to growth rate and backfat thickness at mating[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2010,121(1/2):139-144.
[17] 张守全,冯定远,麦月仪,等.母猪背膘厚度对其繁殖性能的影响[J].养猪,2005(1):11-12.
[18] 李海涛,王希彪,狄生伟,等.母猪不同时期背膘厚度与繁殖性能关系的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009(6):64-65.
[19] 刘惠芳,周安国,吴德,等.妊娠期饲喂水平对初产母猪繁殖性能和胎盘效率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(15):30-32.
[20] 漆洪波.妊娠期营养对胎儿生长发育的影响[J].实用妇产科杂志,2006,22(5):257-258.
[21] ASH M.Management of the farrowing and lactating sow[M]//Current therapy in theriogenology.2nd ed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company,1986:931-934.
[22] 郜军伟,李新建,吕刚,等.猪窝产活仔数与初生窝重、断奶窝重及母猪乳头数的相关分析[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(5):283-285.
京公网安备 11010802041926号