补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响

杨春涛, 司丙文, 斯琴巴特尔, 萨仁花, 苏德毕力格, 金海, 崔祥, 曾书秦, 刁其玉, 屠焰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.025

动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 9: 2637 - 2644

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.025

反刍与草食动物营养 Ruminants and Herbivorous Animal Nutrition

补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响

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1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
2. 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗畜牧工作站, 锡林郭勒盟 013250;
3. 内蒙古农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031

杨春涛（1987-），男，河北隆尧人，硕士研究生，从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail：yangchuntao0808@163.com

收稿日期: 2014-04-14

网络出版日期: 2014-09-10

基金资助

公益性行业（农业）科研专项子项目（201303062）

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Effects Supplementation of Concentrates with Different Ratios of Energy to Nitrogen on Nutrient Digestion and Rumen Fermentation in Lambs in Pastoral Areas in Winter and Spring

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1. Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Animal Husbandry Station, Xianghuangqi County, Xilinguole, Inner Mongolia, Xilinguole 013250, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot 010031, China

Received date: 2014-04-14

Online published: 2014-09-10

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摘要

本试验旨在研究牧区冬春季低质粗饲料供给下，补饲不同能氮比精料对断奶羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取（61±2）日龄健康、体重为（20.56±1.43） kg的断奶羔羊128只，随机分成4组，每组32只，公母各占1/2。4组羔羊分别补饲消化能（DE）水平相近，粗蛋白质（CP）含量逐渐升高的4种精料，其能氮比（采用DE/CP）分别为90.03（Ⅰ组）、82.55（Ⅱ组）、73.25（Ⅲ组）、67.87 MJ/kg（Ⅳ组）。试验期40 d。结果表明：1）补饲不同能氮比的精料，各组羔羊干物质采食量没有显著差异（P>0.05）；CP表观消化率Ⅲ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别提高了17.26%、23.84%（P<0.05）；中性洗涤纤维（NDF）表观消化率出现先增加后降低的趋势（0.05≤P<0.10），其中Ⅲ组最高为63.13%；钙表观消化率Ⅲ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别增加了8.52%、4.13%（P<0.05）。2）虽然瘤胃液pH组间没有出现显著差异（P>0.05），但Ⅳ组氨态氮（NH₃-H）浓度显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。3）补饲不同能氮比精料对总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度以及丙酸和丁酸含量有显著影响（P<0.05），趋于显著影响乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸（0.05≤P<0.10）。Ⅰ组乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸低于其他组（P>0.05）；Ⅰ组丙酸含量显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；TVFA浓度Ⅲ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组分别低29.11%（P<0.05）、30.32%（P<0.05）、11.93%（P>0.05）。总结得出，冬春季枯草期牧区羔羊补饲不同能氮比精料，营养物质表观消化率出现显著差异，能氮比为73.25 MJ/kg时，CP、NDF、钙的表观消化率达到最大值，且该能氮比条件有助于改善瘤胃发酵模式。

关键词： 羔羊; 补饲; 羔羊料; 能氮比; 营养物质表观消化率; 瘤胃发酵模式

本文引用格式

杨春涛, 司丙文, 斯琴巴特尔, 萨仁花, 苏德毕力格, 金海, 崔祥, 曾书秦, 刁其玉, 屠焰 . 补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(9) : 2637 -2644 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.025

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation of concentrates with different ratios of energy to nitrogen on nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation of weaner lambs in pastoral areas that only had low quality roughages in winter and spring. One hundred and twenty eight healthy weaner lambs aged (61±2) days with body weight of (20.56±1.43) kg were assigned to four groups with 32 lambs (half male and half female) in each group. Lambs in four groups were supplemented with concentrates with similar digestive energy (DE) level and gradually increased crude protein (CP) content, and the ratio of energy to nitrogen (calculated by DE/CP) was 90.03 (group Ⅰ), 82.55 (group Ⅱ), 73.25 (group Ⅲ) and 67.87 MJ/kg (group Ⅳ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dry matter intake was not significantly changed by the supplementation of concentrates with different ratios of energy to nitrogen (P>0.05); CP apparent digestibility of group Ⅲ was 17.26% and 23.84% higher than that of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, respectively (P<0.05); neutral detergent fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility tended to be increased at first but then declined (0.05≤P<0.10), and that of group Ⅲ (63.13%) was the highest; calcium (Ca) apparent digestibility of group Ⅲ was 8.52% and 4.13% higher than that of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, respectively (P<0.05). 2) Although rumen fluid pH was not significantly different among groups (P>0.05), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-H) concentration of rumen fluid of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05). 3) The supplementation of concentrates with different ratios of energy to nitrogen had significant impacts on total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration, and propionate and butyrate contents (P<0.05), and tended to affect acetate content and the ratio of acetate to propionate (0.05≤P<0.10). Acetate content and the ratio of acetate to propionate of group Ⅰ were lower than those of the other groups (P>0.05); propionate content of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05); TVFA concentration of group Ⅲ was 29.11% (P<0.05), 30.32% (P<0.05) and 11.93% (P>0.05) lower than that in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ, respectively. In conclusion, nutrient apparent digestibility in lambs supplemented with concentrates with different ratios of energy to nitrogen is significantly different in pastoral area that only has low quality roughages in winter and spring. When the ratio of energy to nitrogen is 73.25 MJ/kg, the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF and Ca achieve the maximum value, and the condition of the above ratio of energy to nitrogen is contribute to improve rumen fermentation model.

Key words： lamb; supplementation; lamb feed; the ratio of energy to nitrogen; nutrient apparent digestibility; rumen fermentation model

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