动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 9: 2687 - 2697

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.030

水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

粗脂肪水平对2种规格凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用和非特异性免疫的影响

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  • 1. 宁波大学海洋学院, 宁波 315211;
    2. 广东粤海饲料集团有限公司, 湛江 524002
王猛强（1991-），男，河南驻马店人，硕士研究生，从事水生动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail：625478657@qq.com

收稿日期: 2014-04-30

  网络出版日期: 2014-09-10

基金资助

国家公益性（农业）行业专项（201003020）；宁波市农业攻关项目（2011C10006）

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Effects of Dietary Crude Lipid Level on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Non-Specific Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp at Two Growth Stages

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  • 1. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
    2. Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524002, China

Received date: 2014-04-30

  Online published: 2014-09-10

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摘要

本试验旨在探究饲料中粗脂肪水平对2种规格凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能、饲料利用和非特异性免疫指标的影响。试验配制了粗脂肪水平分别为4.02%、5.98%、7.86%、10.13%、11.29%和13.99%的6组试验饲料，分别投喂初始体质量为（0.58±0.01）（幼虾组）和（7.93±0.03） g（大规格组）的凡纳滨对虾，养殖周期分别为8（试验一）和6周（试验二）。结果表明：试验一，饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响幼虾组的增重率（WG）、特定生长率（SGR）、蛋白质效率（PER）和饲料系数（FCR）（P<0.05），摄食饲料粗脂肪水平5.98%的幼虾组WG、SGR、PER有最大值，FCR有最小值；饲料粗脂肪水平对幼虾组成活率（SR），全虾干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量及肌肉干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著影响（P>0.05），但显著影响了幼虾组的肝体比（HSI）、肥满度（CF）和肌肉粗灰分含量（P<0.05）；饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响了幼虾组的血清总蛋白（TP）、总胆固醇（TC）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、酚氧化酶（PO）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）活性（P<0.05），但对血清甘油三酯（TG）含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。试验二，饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响大规格组对虾的WG、SGR、PER和FCR（P<0.05），摄食饲料粗脂肪水平5.98%的大规格组WG、SGR、PER有最大值，FCR有最小值；饲料粗脂肪水平对大规格组的SR、CF、HSI，全虾粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量及肌肉干物质、粗灰分含量无显著影响（P>0.05），但显著影响全虾干物质含量及肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量（P<0.05）；饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响对虾血清SOD、PO、AST及ALT活性（P<0.05）。综上并结合SGR与饲料粗脂肪水平拟合折线模型后得出，凡纳滨对虾幼虾阶段和大规格阶段粗脂肪的适宜需要量分别为4.83%~5.98%和5.57%~7.86%。

关键词： 凡纳滨对虾; 脂肪; 生长; 饲料利用; 体成分; 酶活性

本文引用格式

王猛强, 郑昌区, 金敏, 霍雅文, 黎明, 谢奉军, 周歧存 . 粗脂肪水平对2种规格凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用和非特异性免疫的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(9) : 2687 -2697 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.030

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary crude lipid level on growth performance, feed utilization and non-specificity immune indexes of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at two growth stages. Six practical diets were formulated to contain the different dietary lipid levels which were 4.02%, 5.98%, 7.86%, 10.13%, 11.29% and 13.99%, respectively. Pacific white shrimp with initial weight of (0.58±0.01) (juvenile group) and (7.93±0.03) g (large size group) were given the 6 experimental diets, respectively. Test 1 and test 2 lasted for 8 and 6 weeks, respectively. The results showed as follows: in test 1, dietary crude lipid level had significant effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in juvenile group (P<0.05). WG, SGR and PER in 5.98% crude lipid group were the largest, and the FCR was the lowest. Dietary crude lipid level had no significant effects on survival rate (SR), dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents of whole shrimp, and dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid contents of muscle (P>0.05). Dietary crude lipid level had significant effects on hepatopancreas somatic index, condition factor and ash content of muscle in juvenile group (P<0.05). The total cholesterol (TC), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenol oxidase (PO), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum of juvenile group were significantly affected by dietary crude lipid level (P<0.05), however there was no significant difference in triglyceride (TG) (P>0.05). In test 2, dietary crude lipid level had significant effects on WG, SGR, PER and FCR (P<0.05). WG, SGR and PER in 5.98% crude lipid group were the highest, and the FCR was the lowest. There were no significant effects on SR, CF and HSI of white shrimp in large size group (P>0.05). Dietary crude lipid level had significant effects on dry matter content in whole body and crude protein, crude lipid contents in muscle (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences on crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents in whole body, as well as dry matter and ash contents in muscle (P>0.05). SOD, PO, AST and ALT activities in serum were significantly affected by the dietary crude lipid level (P<0.05). It is concluded base on broken-line analysis of SGR against dietary crude lipid level that dietary crude lipid appropriate requirements in juvenile and large size shrimp periods were 4.83% to 5.98 % and 5.57% to 7.86%, respectively.

Key words： Litopenaeus vannamei; lipid; growth; feed utilization; body composition; enzyme activity

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