动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 9: 2892 - 2901

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.054

研究简报 Short Communications

饲料加工工艺及维生素添加量对罗非鱼生长性能、营养物质沉积和血清生化指标的影响

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  • 1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;
    2. 上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室, 上海 201306;
    3. 上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;
    4. 上海高校知识服务平台, 上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心(ZF1206), 上海 201306
马飞（1989-），男，湖北京山人，硕士研究生，研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail：mafei0830@163.com

收稿日期: 2014-03-19

  网络出版日期: 2014-09-10

基金资助

上海市水产养殖重点学科建设项目（Y1101）

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Effects of Feed Processing Technology and Vitamin Addition on Growth Performance, Nutrient Retention and Serum Biochemical Indices of Tilapia, Oreochromis aureus×Tilapia nilotica

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  • 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China;
    3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China;
    4. Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Aquatic Animal Breeding Center ( ZF 1206), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received date: 2014-03-19

  Online published: 2014-09-10

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲料加工工艺及维生素添加量对罗非鱼生长性能、营养物质沉积和血清生化指标的影响。在基础饲料配方中添加0.50%的维生素预混料，分别制成颗粒饲料和膨化饲料；另外，再将配方中维生素预混料的添加量分别升高到0.66%、0.82%，制成膨化饲料。试验共得4组饲料，投喂平均体重为（8.0±0.1）g的罗非鱼，每组3个重复，每个重复35尾。试验期为8周。结果表明：1）在相同配方条件下，摄食膨化饲料的罗非鱼较摄食颗粒饲料的罗非鱼增重率提高8.91%（P<0.05），饲料系数降低9.42%（P<0.05）；同时，其肝体指数、全鱼粗蛋白质含量、营养物质沉积率（包括蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率）以及血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性和甘油三酯含量均较摄食颗粒饲料的罗非鱼显著或极显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。2）在膨化饲料组中，随着维生素预混料添加量由0.50%升高到0.66%，罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率和能量沉积率显著升高（P<0.05），而饲料系数、全鱼粗灰分含量则显著降低（P<0.05）；当维生素预混料添加量由0.66%继续升高到0.82%时，罗非鱼的生长性能及营养物质沉积率并没有得到进一步的改善。由此可见，在相同配方条件下，罗非鱼摄食膨化饲料较摄食颗粒饲料具有更好的生长性能和更高的营养物质沉积率；膨化饲料配方中适当的超量添加维生素，有利于提高罗非鱼的生长性能和对饲料中营养物质的利用。

关键词： 罗非鱼; 膨化饲料; 颗粒饲料; 维生素; 生长性能; 营养物质沉积; 血清生化指标

本文引用格式

马飞, 李小勤, 李百安, 甘甜, 冷向军 . 饲料加工工艺及维生素添加量对罗非鱼生长性能、营养物质沉积和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(9) : 2892 -2901 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.09.054

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed processing technology and vitamin addition on growth performance, nutrient retention and serum biochemical indices of tilapia, Oreochromis aureus×Tilapia nilotica. A basal diet containing 0.50% vitamin premix was formulated, and a pelleted diet and an extruded diet were prepared. In addition, the other two extruded diets containing 0.66% and 0.82% vitamin premix were prepared, respectively, then four diets were fed to the tilapia with an average body weight of (8.0±0.1) g for 8 weeks. Each group contained 3 replicates of 35 fish per replicate. The results showed as follows: 1) under the same formula condition, compared with the fish fed the pelleted diet, the weight gain rate (WGR) of the fish fed the extruded diet was increased by 8.91% (P<0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased by 9.42% (P<0.05); moreover, the hepato-somatic index (HSI), whole-body crude protein content, nutrition retention ratios[including protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention ratio (PRR), lipid retention ratio (LRR) and energy retention ratio (ERR)], serum alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities and serum triglyceride (TG) content were all significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Among the extruded diets, with the vitamin premix addition increased from 0.50% to 0.66%, the WGR, SGR, PER, PRR and ERR were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the FCR and whole-body ash content were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There were no further improvements in growth performance and nutrient retention ratios with the vitamin premix addition increased from 0.66% to 0.82%. It is concluded that the tilapia fed the extruded diet have a better growth performance and a higher nutrient retention ratio than the tilapia fed the pelleted diet with the same formula. Adding vitamin premix with a proper excessive amount in the extruded diet can improve the growth performance and dietary nutrition utilization of tilapia.

Key words： tilapia; extruded diet; pelleted diet; vitamin; growth performance; nutrient retention; serum biochemical indices

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