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猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢

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  • 南京农业大学消化道微生物研究室, 南京 210095
朱伟云(1962—),女,江苏吴江人,教授,博士生导师,从事动物消化道微生物研究。E-mail:zhuweiyun@njau.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2014-08-13

  网络出版日期: 2015-01-23

基金资助

国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2013CB127300)

Gut Microbiota and Host Nutrition Metabolism in Pigs

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  • Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received date: 2014-08-13

  Online published: 2015-01-23

摘要

肠道中栖息着数量庞大复杂多样的微生物菌群,肠道微生物在宿主健康中发挥着重要作用,既影响着饲料消化、营养物质吸收和能量供应,又调控着宿主正常生理功能及疾病的发生与发展。动物胃肠道不仅是消化器官,还是感应器官,肠道对营养物质的感应可以通过脑肠轴调节机体生理活动。肠道微生物还能代谢蛋白质产生宿主细胞不能合成的肽类物质,并通过小肠上皮的肽类转运系统影响机体代谢,因此可能存在微生物-肠道-大脑轴。肠道微生物还可以与机体形成宿主-微生物代谢轴,对动物机体营养物质代谢和免疫稳态起重要作用。饲粮对宿主代谢的改变,常伴随有肠道微生物区系的变化,肠道微生物的代谢可能通过微生物-肠道-大脑轴以及宿主-微生物代谢轴调节宿主很多生理过程,进而影响机体整体代谢。本文概述了猪肠道微生物区系与宿主肠道营养物质代谢的关系,以加深关于肠道微生物对机体代谢贡献的认识。

本文引用格式

朱伟云, 余凯凡, 慕春龙, 杨宇翔 . 猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(10) : 3046 -3051 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.10.016

Abstract

The microbial community colonized in the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in host’s nutrition and health. They could not only affect the nutrient digestion and absorption, but also regulate the host health and function. The gastrointestinal tract is not only a digestive organ, but also a nutrient sensing organ. The sensing of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract can regulate host physiological activity through gut-brain axis. The gut bacteria can metabolize nutrients and produce unique metabolites such as peptides. Microbial peptides could affect the host metabolism through enteric peptide transporting system. The gut bacteria and its metabolites can interact with the host and form the host-microbiota metabolic axis, which is critical to the nutrient metabolism and the homeostasis of immune system. The influence of diet on host nutrient metabolism is accompanied by the change of microbiota and their metabolism, which can further regulate the host physiological process. This review summarized the relation between bacteria composition and nutrient metabolism in pigs, aiming to highlight the contribution of bacteria to the host health and metabolism.

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