[1] GOSAIN A,GAMELLI R L.Role of the gastrointestinal tract in burn sepsis[J].The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation,2005,26(1):85-91.

[2] VICENTE Y,DA ROCHA C,YU J K,et al.Architecture and function of the gastroesophageal barrier in the piglet[J].Digestive Diseases & Sciences,2001,46(9):1899-1908.

[3] GONZALEZ-MARISCAL L,TAPIA R,CHAMORRO D.Crosstalk of tight junction components with signaling pathways[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes,2008,1778(3):729-756.

[4] TURNER J R.Molecular basis of epithelial barrier regulation:from basic mechanisms to clinical application[J].The American Journal of Pathology,2006,169(6):1901-1909.

[5] PEREZ-MORENO M,FUCHS E.Catenins:keeping cells from getting their signals crossed[J].Developmental Cell,2006,11(5):601-612.

[6] MADARA J L.Intestinal absorptive cell tight junctions are linked to cytoskeleton[J].The American Journal of Physiology,1987,253:C171-C175.
[7] ANDERSON J M. Molecular structure of tight junctions and their role in epithelial transport[J]. News Physiology Science, 2001,16:126-130.
[8] GARROD D,CHIDGEY M.Desmosome structure,composition and function[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes,2008,1778(3):572-587.

[9] ANDERSON R C,DALZIEL J E,GOPAL P K,et al.The role of intestinal barrier function in early life in the development of colitis[J/OL].InTech,2012.doi: 10.5772/25753.
[10] GONZLEZ-MARISCAL L,BETANZOS A,NAVA P,et al.Tight junction proteins[J].Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology,2003,81(1):1-44.

[11] BERKES J,VISWANATHAN V K,SAVKOVIC S D,et al.Intestinal epithelial responses to enteric pathogens:effects on the tight junction barrier,ion transport,and inflammation[J].Gut,2003,52(3):439-451.

[12] SUZUKI T.Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2013,70(4):631-659.

[13] OZDEN O,BLACK B L,ASHWELL C M,et al.Developmental profile of claudin-3,-5,and -16 proteins in the epithelium of chick intestine[J].The Anatomical Record:Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology,2010,293(7):1175-1183.

[14] KAWASAKI K,HAYASHI Y,NISHIDA Y,et al.Developmental expression of the tight junction protein,occludin,in the gastrointestinal tract of the chick embryo[J].Histochemistry and Cell Biology,1998,109(1):19-24.
[15] SIMARD A,DI PIETRO E,RYAN A K.Gene expression pattern of claudin-1 during chick embryogenesis[J].Gene Expression Patterns,2005,5(4):553-560.

[16] OSSELAERE A,SANTOS R,HAUTEKIET V,et al.Deoxynivalenol impairs hepatic and intestinal gene expression of selected oxidative stress,tight junction and inflammation proteins in broiler chickens,but addition of an adsorbing agent shifts the effects to the distal parts of the small intestine[J].PLoS One,2013,8(7):e69014.
[17] ULLUWISHEWA D,ANDERSON R C,MCNABB W C,et al.Regulation of tight junction permeability by intestinal bacteria and dietary components[J].Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(5):769-776.

[18] RAJPUT I R,LI L Y,XIN X,et al.Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 on intestinal ultrastructure modulation and mucosal immunity development mechanism in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(4):956-965.

[19] TURNER J R.Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease[J].Nature Reviews Immunology,2009,9(11):799-809.

[20] LILLEHOJ E R,KIM K C.Airway mucus:its components and function[J].Archives of Pharmacal Research,2002,25(6):770-780.

[21] DEPLANCKE B,GASKINS H R.Microbial modulation of innate defense:goblet cells and the intestinal mucus layer[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2001,73(6):1131S-1141S.
[22] NEISH A S.Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease[J].Gastroenterology,2009,136:65-80.
[23] NEU J.Gastrointestinal maturation and implications for infant feeding[J].Early Human Development,2007,83:767-775.
[24] FAGARASAN S,KAWAMOTO S,KANAGAWA O,et al.Adaptive immune regulation in the gut:T cell-dependent and T cell-independent IgA synthesis[J].Annual Review of Immunology,2010,28(1):243-273.

[25] LUNN P G,NORTHROP-CLEWES C A,DOWNES R M.Intestinal permeability,mucosal injury,and growth faltering in Gambian infants[J].Lancet,1991,338:907-910.
[26] BJARNASON I,MACPHERSON A,HOLLANDER D.Intestinal permeability:an overview[J].Gastroenterology,1995,108(5):1566-1581.

[27] MEDDINGS J B,GIBBONS I.Discrimination of site-specific alterations in gastrointestinal permeability in the rat[J].Gastroenterology,1998,114(1):83-92.

[28] PROSSER C,STELWAGEN K,CUMMINS R,et al.Reduction in heat-induced gastrointestinal hyperpermeability in rats by bovine colostrum and goat milk powders[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2004,96(2):650-654.

[29] LAMBERT G P,GISOLFI C V,BERG D J,et al.Selected contribution:hyperthermia-induced intestinal permeability and the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2002,92(4):1750-1761.
[30] CAMERON H L,PERDUE M H.Stress impairs murine intestinal barrier function:improvement by glucagon-like peptide-2[J].Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,2005,314(1):214-220.

[31] BERG R D,GARLINGTON A W.Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model[J].Infection Immunity,1979,23:403-411.
[32] HALL D M,BUETTNER G R,OBERLEY L W,et al.Mechanisms of circulatory and intestinal barrier dysfunction during whole body hyperthermia[J].American Journal of Physiology.Heart and Circulatory Physiology,2001,280(2):H509-H521.
[33] MAGNOTTI L J,DEITCH E A.Burns,bacterial translocation,gut barrier function,and failure[J].Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation,2005,26(5):383-391.

[34] GEYRA A,UNI Z,SKLAN D.Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(6):776-782.

[35] HAWORTH K E,EL-HANFY A,PRAYAG S,et al.Expression of Claudin-3 during chick development[J].Gene Expression Patterns,2005,6(1):40-44.

[36] SIMARD A,DI PIETRO E,YOUNG C R,et al.Alterations in heart looping induced by overexpression of the tight junction protein Claudin-1 are dependent on its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail[J].Mechanisms of Development,2006,123(3):210-227.

[37] UMEDA K,IKENOUCHI J,KATAHIRA-TAYAMA S,et al.ZO-1 and ZO-2 independently determine where claudins are polymerized in tight-junction strand formation[J].Cell,2006,126(4):741-754.

[38] ROBERTS S,PEREZ-GARCIA M,NEAL M, et al.Development of the small intestinal epithelial barrier function in broiler chicks[J]. Poultry Science,2005,84:74-75.
[39] ROY S K,BEHRENS R H,HAIDER R,et al.Impact of zinc supplementation on intestinal permeability in Bangladeshi children with acute diarrhoea and persistent diarrhoea syndrome[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,1992,15(3):289-296.

[40] STURNIOLO G C,FRIES W,MAZZON E,et al.Effect of zinc supplementation on intestinal permeability in experimental colitis[J].Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine,2002,139(5):311-315.

[41] TRAN C D,HOWARTH G S,COYLE P,et al.Dietary supplementation with zinc and a growth factor extract derived from bovine cheese whey improves methotrexate-damaged rat intestine[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2003,77(5):1296-1303.
[42] ZHANG B K,GUO Y M.Supplemental zinc reduced intestinal permeability by enhancing occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression in weaning piglets[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2009,102(5):687-693.

[43] FINAMORE A,MASSIMI M,CONTI DEVIRGILIIS L,et al.Zinc deficiency induces membrane barrier damage and increases neutrophil transmigration in Caco-2 cells[J].Journal of Nutrition,2008,138(9):1664-1670.
[44] ZHANG B K,SHAO Y X,LIU D,et al.Zinc prevents
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced loss of intestinal mucosal barrier function in broiler chickens[J].Avian Pathology,2012,41(4):361-367.

[45] HU C H,QIAN Z C,SONG J,et al.Effects of zinc oxide-montmorillonite hybrid on growth performance,intestinal structure,and function of broiler chicken[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(1):143-150.

[46] AWAD W A,GHAREEB K,BHM J.Effect of addition of a probiotic micro-organism to broiler diet on intestinal mucosal architecture and electrophysiological parameters[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2010,94(4):486-494.
[47] CAO L,YANG X J,LIU N N,et al.Effect of L.fermentum 1.2029 on expression of tight junction protein in necrotic enteritis of chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2014,34(1):127-130.
[48] BURKHOLDER K M,THOMPSON K L,EINSTEIN M E,et al.Influence of stressors on normal intestinal microbiota,intestinal morphology,and susceptibility to
Salmonella enteritidis colonization in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(9):1734-1741.

[49] QUINTEIRO-FILHO W M,RIBEIRO A,FERRAZ-DE-PAULA V,et al.Heat stress impairs performance parameters,induces intestinal injury,and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2010,89(9):1905-1914.

[50] QUINTEIRO W M,GOMES A V S,PINHEIRO M L,et al.Heat stress impairs performance and induces intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens infected with
Salmonella enteritidis[J].Avian Pathology,2012,41(5):421-427.

[51] SONG J,XIAO K,KE Y L,et al.Effect of a probiotic mixture on intestinal microflora,morphology,and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(3):581-588.

[52] SONG J,JIAO L F,XIAO K,et al.Cello-oligosaccharide ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of intestinal microflora,morphology and barrier integrity in broilers[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,185(3/4):175-181.
[53] SHAO Y J,GUO Y M,WANG Z.β-1,3/1,6-Glucan alleviated intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged with
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(7):1764-1773.

[54] PARSONS B N,WIGLEY P,SIMPSON H L,et al.Dietary supplementation with soluble plantain non-starch polysaccharides inhibits intestinal invasion of
Salmonella typhimurium in the chicken[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):e87658.
[55] LI N,LEWIS P,SAMUELSON D,et al.Glutamine regulates Caco-2 cell tight junction proteins[J].American Journal of Physiology:Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2004,287(3):G726-G733.
[56] LI N,NEU J.Glutamine deprivation alters intestinal tight junctions via a PI3-K/Akt mediated pathway in Caco-2 cells[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2009,139(4):710-714.

[57] SETH A,BASUROY S,SHETH P,et al.
L-Glutamine ameliorates acetaldehyde-induced increase in paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayer[J].American Journal of Physiology:Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2004,287(3):G510-G517.
[58] REN W K,YIN J,WU M M,et al.Serum amino acids profile and the beneficial effects of
L-arginine or
L-glutamine supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium colitis[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):e88335.
[59] HORN N L,DONKIN S S,APPLEGATE T J,et al.Intestinal mucin dynamics:response of broiler chicks and White Pekin ducklings to dietary threonine[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(9):1906-1914.

[60] CHEE S H,IJI P A,CHOCT M,et al.Functional interactions of manno-oligosaccharides with dietary threonine in chicken gastrointestinal tract.Ⅰ.Growth performance and mucin dynamics[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(5):658-666.

[61] AZZAM M M M,DONG X Y,XIE P,et al.Influence of
L-threonine supplementation on goblet cell numbers,histological structure and antioxidant enzyme activities of laying hens reared in a hot and humid climate[J].British Poultry Science,2012,53(5):640-645.

[62] HAMARD A,MAZURAIS D,BOUDRY G,et al.A moderate threonine deficiency affects gene expression profile,paracellular permeability and glucose absorption capacity in the ileum of piglets[J].The Journal of Nutrition Biochemistry,2010,21(10):914-921.

[63] LAMB-ROSTESKI J M,KALISCHUK L D,INGLIS G D,et al.Epidermal growth factor inhibits
Campylobacter jejuni-induced claudin-4 disruption,loss of epithelial barrier function,and
Escherichia coli translocation[J].Infection and Immunity,2008,76(8):3390-3398.

[64] LIU D,GUO S S,GUO Y M.Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by
Clostridium perfringens[J].Avian Pathology,2012,41(3):291-298.

[65] LIU D,GUO Y M,WANG Z,et al.Exogenous lysozyme influences
Clostridium perfringens colonization and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens[J].Avian Pathology,2010,39(1):17-24.