饲料营养 Feed Science and Technology

益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响

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  • 北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100097
刘辉(1978—),男,山东济南人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为动物营养与饲料。E-mail:liuh1860@sina.com

收稿日期: 2014-09-22

  网络出版日期: 2015-03-18

基金资助

高效饲用乳酸菌的选育及产业开发(Z141100002614002);生猪产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目(GWZJ-2009-06);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201408)

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance, Faecal Microflora Number, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Immune Indices of Growing Pigs

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  • Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China

Received date: 2014-09-22

  Online published: 2015-03-18

摘要

本试验旨在研究益生菌(短乳杆菌、酵母及其复合菌)对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响。选取108头平均体重为(13.68±0.41) kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,即对照组、短乳杆菌组、酵母组和复合菌组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。试验分2个阶段,第1阶段为第1~32天,第2阶段为第33~61天,全期共61 d。结果表明:1)第1阶段中,与对照组相比,各益生菌组的末重以及短乳杆菌组和复合菌组的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),短乳杆菌组和酵母组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05);第2阶段中,复合菌组的末重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);整个试验期,与对照组相比,短乳杆菌组和复合菌组的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),复合菌组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)在第32天,与对照组相比,各益生菌组粪便中酵母数量显著升高(P<0.05),短乳杆菌组和复合菌组粪便中乳酸菌数量显著升高、大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);在第61天,与对照组相比,各益生菌组粪便中乳酸菌和酵母数量显著升高(P<0.05),短乳杆菌组和复合菌组粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)在第32天,短乳杆菌组和复合菌组的粗蛋白质、钙表观消化率以及酵母组的钙、磷表观消化率较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);在第61天,短乳杆菌组和复合菌组的粗蛋白质、钙、磷表观消化率以及酵母组的钙、磷表观消化率较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。4)在第32天,与对照组相比,各益生菌组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量以及复合菌组的血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著升高(P<0.05);在第61天,与对照组相比,短乳杆菌组的血清TP、GLB、IgA和IgG含量,酵母组的血清TP和IgG含量,复合菌组的血清GLB、IgA和IgG含量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加益生菌能够改善生长猪的肠道微生态环境,提高饲粮养分表观消化率,增强机体免疫功能,从而提高生长性能。

本文引用格式

刘辉, 季海峰, 王四新, 张董燕, 王晶, 单达聪, 王雅民 . 益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(3) : 829 -837 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.021

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus brevis, feed yeast and their complex probiotics) on growth performance, faecal microflora number, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum immune indices of growing pigs. A total of 108 "Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire" crossbred growing pigs with an average body weight of (13.68±0.41) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 9 pigs per replicate comprising of control group (CT), Lactobacillus brevis group (LB), yeast group (YT) and complex probiotics group (LBY), respectively. The total test period lasted for 61 days in 2 phases (phase Ⅰ, day 1 to 32; phase Ⅱ, day 33 to 61). The results showed as follows: 1) in phase Ⅰ, compared with CT, the final weight (FW) in probiotics groups and the average daily gain (ADG) in LB and LBY were significantly increased (P<0.05), while feed/gain in LB and YT was significantly decreased (P<0.05); in phase Ⅱ, the FW in LBY was significantly increased compared with CT (P<0.05); in total test period, compared with CT, the ADG in LB and LBY was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the feed/gain in LBY was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) On day 32, compared with CT, the number of faecal yeast in probiotics groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and there was a significantly increase in the number of faecal Lactobacillus (P<0.05) and a significantly decrease in the number of faecal E.coli in LB and LBY (P<0.05); on day 61, compared with CT, the number of faecal Lactobacillus and yeast in probiotics groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of faecal E.coli in LB and LBY was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) On day 32, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) and calcium in LB and LBY, and the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in YT were significantly increased compared with CT (P<0.05); on day 61, the apparent digestibility of CP, calcium and phosphorus in LB and LBY, and the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in YT were significantly increased compared with CT (P<0.05). 4) On day 32, compared with CT, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A content in probiotics groups and serum total protein (TP), globulin (GLB) and IgG contents in LBY were significantly increased (P<0.05); on day 61, compared with CT, serum TP, GLB, IgA and IgG contents in LB, serum TP and IgG contents in YT, and serum GLB, IgA and IgG contents in LBY were significantly increased (P<0.05). It is concluded that probiotics supplementation can improve the intestinal microbial environment, elevate the apparent digestibility of diet nutrients, and strengthen the immune function, and then enhance the growth performance of growing pigs.

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