综述 Review

环境温度、湿度等因素对家禽体温调节的影响及评估模型

展开
  • 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193
常玉(1992—),女,河南洛阳人,硕士研究生,从事家禽环境与营养研究,E-mail:aa2013qingtian@126.com

收稿日期: 2014-12-26

  网络出版日期: 2015-05-13

基金资助

国家"十二五"科技支撑课题(2012BAD39B02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)

Effects of Ambient Temperature, Humidity on Poultry Thermoregulation and the Evaluation Model

Expand
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2014-12-26

  Online published: 2015-05-13

摘要

温热环境是影响家禽福利、健康以及生产性能的重要因素。家禽属恒温动物,当环境温度、湿度等因素改变时,可通过调节自身产热和散热维持体温恒定,因此家禽体温调节的变化是反映温热环境舒适程度的重要指标。本文针对环境温度、湿度、风速对家禽产热量、采食量、蒸发散热量、呼吸频率、皮肤温度、深层体温等体温调节指标的影响进行了总结和分析,为今后研究、建立家禽舒适环境模型,科学调控家禽舍内温热环境提供参考。

本文引用格式

常玉, 冯京海, 张敏红 . 环境温度、湿度等因素对家禽体温调节的影响及评估模型[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(5) : 1341 -1347 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.05.002

Abstract

Thermal environment plays an important role in welfare, health and productive performance of poultry. Poultry are a homoeothermic, and can maintain thermostasis by regulating the heat production and loss when the ambient temperatures, humidity change, so the thermoregulation is a significant index for reflecting the poultry comfort degree. This article is aimed to summarize and analyze the effects of ambient temperature, humidity and air velocity on poultry thermoregulation indicators such as heat production, feed intake, evaporative heat loss, respiratory rate, skin temperature and core temperature, to provide the reference for establishing the comfort environment model and regulating the thermal environment scientifically.

参考文献

[1] 刘凤华.家畜环境卫生学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:10-11.

[2] VAN TIENHOVEN A,SCOTT N R,HILLMAN P E.The hypothalamus and thermoregulation:a review[J].Poultry Science,1979,58(6):1633-1639.  

[3] 顾宪红,王新谋.高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质酮、甲状腺素、孕酮水平的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995,26(2):109-115.

[4] BROBECK J R.Food intake as a mechanism of temperature regulation[J].Obesity Research,1997,5(6):641-645.  

[5] NÄÄS I A,ROMANINI C E B,NEVES D P,et al.Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens[J].Scientia Agricola,2010,67(5):497-502.  

[6] RICHARDS S A.Evaporative water loss in domestic fowls and its partition in relation to ambient temperature[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1976,87(3):527-532.  

[7] WOLF B,WALSBERG G.Respiratory and cutaneous evaporative water loss at high environmental temperatures in a small bird[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,1996,199(Pt 2):451-457.

[8] LI Y,ITO T,NISHIBORI M,et al.Effects of environmental temperature on heat production associated with food intake and on abdominal temperature in laying hens[J].British Poultry Science,1992,33(1):113-122.  

[9] COLLIN A,BUYSE J,VAN AS P,et al.Cold-induced enhancement of avian uncoupling protein expression,heat production,and triiodothyronine concentrations in broiler chicks[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2003,130(1):70-77.  

[10] YAHAV S.The effect of constant and diurnal cyclic temperatures on performance and blood system of young turkeys[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,1999,24(1):71-78.  

[11] PAYNE C G.Practical aspects of environmental temperature for laying hens[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,1966,22(2):126-139.  

[12] DONKOH A.Ambient temperature:a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1989,33(4):259-265.  

[13] PEGURI A,COON C.Effect of temperature and dietary energy on layer performance[J].Poultry Science,1991,70(1):126-138.  

[14] SMITH A J.The productivity of laying pullets at high environmental temperatures[J].Feedstuff,1971,17:26.

[15] SMITH A J,OLIVER J.Some nutritional problems associated with egg production at high environmental temperatures.4.The effect of prolonged exposure to high environmental temperatures on the productivity of pullets on high energy diets[J].Rhodesian Journal of Agricultural Research,1972,10(1):43-60.

[16] VAJENCIA M E,MAIORINO P M,REID B L.Energy utilization by laying hens.Ⅱ.Energetic efficiency and added tallow at 18.3 and 35 ℃[J].Poultry Science,1980,59(9):2071-2076.

[17] MARSDEN A,MORRIS T R.Quantitative review of the effects of environmental temperature on food intake,egg output and energy balance in laying pullets[J].British Poultry Science,1987,28(4):693-704.  

[18] YUNIANTO V D,HAYASHIT K,KAIWDA S,et al.Effect of environmental temperature on muscle protein turnover and heat production in tube-fed broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1997,77(6):897-909.  

[19] DE SOUZA J B F Jr,DE ARRUDA A M V,DOMINGOS H G T,et al.Regional differences in the surface temperature of naked neck laying hens in a semi-arid environment[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2013,57(3):377-380.  

[20] 林海.肉鸡实感温度的系统模型分析及热应激下的营养生理反应[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,1996.

[21] TZSCHENTKE B,NICHELMANN M,POSTEL T.Effects of ambient temperature,age and wind speed on the thermal balance of layer-strain fowls[J].British Poultry Science,1996,37(3):501-520.  

[22] HADI H E,SYKRS A H.Thermal panting and respiratory alkalosis in the laying hen[J].British Poultry Science,1982,23(1):49-57.  

[23] KASSIM H,SYKES A H.The respiratory responses of the fowl to hot climates[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1982,97(1):301-309.

[24] BOUVEROT P,HILDWEIN G,LE GOFF D.Evaporative water loss,respiratory pattern,gas ex change and acid-base balance during thermal panting in pekin ducks exposed to moderate heat[J].Respiration Physiology,1974,21(2):255-269.  

[25] CALDER W A,Jr,SCHMIDT-NIELSEN K.Evaporative cooling and respiratory alkalosis in the pigeon[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1966,55(4):750-756.  

[26] RICHARD S A.The significance of changes in the temperature of the skin and body core of the chicken in the regulation of heat loss[J].The Journal of Physiology,1971,216(1):1-10.  

[27] PRINCE R P,WHITAKER J H,MATTERSON L D,et al.Response of chickens to temperature and relative humidity environments[J].Poultry Science,1965,44(1):73-77.  

[28] YAHAV S.Relative humidity at moderate ambient temperatures:its effect on male broiler chickens and turkeys[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(1):94-100.  

[29] MILLIGAN J L,WINN P N.The influence of temperature and humidity on broiler performance in environmental chambers[J].Poultry Science,1964,43(4):817-824.  

[30] LIN H,ZHANG H F,DU R,et al.Thermoregulation responses of broiler chickens to humidity at different ambient temperatures.Ⅱ.Four weeks of age[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(8):1173-1178.

[31] YAHAV S,GOLDFELD S,PLAVNIK I,et al.Physiological responses of chickens and turkeys to relative humidity during exposure to high ambient temperature[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,1995,20(3):245-253.  

[32] YAHAV S,SHINDER D,RAZPAKOVSKI V,et al.Lack of response of laying hens to relative humidity at high ambient temperature[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(5):660-663.  

[33] YAHAV S,PLAVNIK I,RUSAL M,et al.Response of turkeys to relative humidity at high ambient temperature[J].British Poultry Science,1998,39(3):340-345.  

[34] WINN P N,GODFREY E F.The effect of humidity on growth and feed conversion of broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1967,11(1):39-50.  

[35] RUZAL M,SHINDER D,MALKA I,et al.Ventilation plays an important role in hens' egg production at high ambient temperature[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(4):856-862.  

[36] YAHAV S,STRASCHNOW A,VAX E,et al.Air velocity alters broiler performance under harsh environmental conditions[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(6):724-726.  

[37] YAHAV S,RUZAL M,SHINDER D.The effect of ventilation on performance body and surface temperature of young turkeys[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(1):133-137.  

[38] YAGLOU C P.Temperature,humidity,and air movement in industries:the effective temperature index[J].The Journal of Industrial Hygiene,1927,9(7):297-309.

[39] HASSAM A,AL-RAWL B A.Relative importance of environmental temperature and humidity on the physiological performance of layers[J].World Review of Animal Production,1982,18(3):43-48.

[40] ZULOVICH J M,DESHAZER J A.Estimating egg production declines at high environmental temperatures and humidities[J].American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1990,(90):15.

[41] EGBUNIK G N.The relative importance of dry-and wet-bulb temperatures in the thermorespiratory function in the chicken[J].Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A,1979,26(7):573-579.  

[42] 陶秀萍.不同温湿风条件对肉鸡应激敏感生理生化指标影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2003.

[43] XIN H,DESHAZER J A,BECK M M.Responses of pre-fasted growing turkeys to acute heat exposure[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1992,35(1):315-318.  

[44] AMES D R,INSLEY L W.Wind-chill effect for cattle and sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1975,40(1):161-165.

[45] BUFFINGTON D E,COLLAZO-AROCHO A,CANTON G H,et al.Black globe-humidity index (BGHI) as comfort equation for dairy cows[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1981,24(3):711-714.  

[46] GAUGHAN J B,MADER T L,HOLT S M,et al.A new heat load index for feedlot cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(1):226-234.

[47] BAETA F C,MEADOR N F,SHANKLIN M D,et al.Equivalent temperature index at temperatures above the thermoneutral for lactating dairy cows[J].American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1987,14:321-332.

[48] TAO X P,XIN H W.Temperature-humidity-velocity index for market-size broilers[C]//2003 ASAE annual international meeting.Las Vegas:[s.n.],2003.

[49] PURSWELL J L,DOZIER Ⅲ W A,OLANREWAJU H A,et al.Effect of temperature-humidity index on live performance in broiler chickens grown from 49 to 63 days of age[C]//Ninth international livestock environment symposium.[S.l.]:ASABE Valencia Conference Centre,2012:1-9.
文章导航

/