水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

展开
  • 大连海洋大学辽宁省水生生物学重点实验室, 大连 116023
李思萌(1991—),女,山东聊城人,硕士研究生,从事水产动物营养学的研究。E-mail:794341295@qq.com

收稿日期: 2014-11-30

  网络出版日期: 2015-05-13

基金资助

国家海洋局公益性行业科研专项(201205025,201405003)

Effects of Dietary Lipid Source on Growth Performance and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Expand
  • Key Laboratory of Hydrobiology in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China

Received date: 2014-11-30

  Online published: 2015-05-13

摘要

以不同脂肪源配制成等氮等脂的7种试验饲料,对体重为(27.31±0.10) g的大菱鲆幼鱼进行40 d的饲养试验,旨在探讨饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。7种试验饲料的脂肪源分别为鱼油、豆油、菜籽油、花生油、猪油、鱼油+豆油(鱼油:豆油=1:1)和鱼油+豆油+猪油(鱼油:豆油:猪油=3:4:3)。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复12尾鱼。结果表明:鱼油+豆油组的增重率和特定生长率显著高于鱼油组、豆油组和菜籽油组(P<0.05),花生油组、猪油组和鱼油+豆油+猪油组的增重率和特定生长率则显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。饲料系数以鱼油+豆油组最低,猪油组最高。各组干物质和总磷表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),猪油组和鱼油+豆油+猪油组的粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。花生油组、鱼油+豆油组和豆油组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于猪油组(P<0.05)。摄食不同脂肪源饲料的大菱鲆幼鱼鱼体水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。猪油组鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于菜籽油组、花生油组和鱼油组(P<0.05),其余各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。除C14:0以外,各组大菱鲆肌肉中的脂肪酸含量和相应饲料中脂肪酸含量呈正相关。大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量以鱼油组和鱼油+豆油组较高,而以花生油组和猪油组较低。结果提示:豆油和菜籽油是大菱鲆幼鱼饲料良好的脂肪源,鱼油和豆油按1:1混合添加则能使大菱鲆幼鱼更好地生长。

本文引用格式

李思萌, 吴立新, 姜志强, 陈炜 . 饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(5) : 1421 -1430 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.05.012

Abstract

A 40-day growth trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance and muscle fatty acid composition of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with the body weight of (27.31±0.10) g. Seven experimental diets were formulated with the lipid sources of fish oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, lard, fish oil+soybean oil (fish oil:soybean oil=1:1) and fish oil+soybean oil+lard (fish oil:soybean oil:lard=3:4:3), respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 replicates and 12 fish per replicate. The results showed as follows: the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in fish oil+soybean oil group were significantly higher than those in fish oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil groups (P<0.05), and those in peanut oil, lard and fish oil+soybean oil+lard groups were significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio in oil+soybean oil group was the lowest and that in lard group was the highest. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of dry matter and total phosphorus among all groups (P>0.05), while the apparent digestibility of crude lipid in lard and fish oil+soybean oil+lard groups was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein in peanut oil, fish oil+soybean oil and soybean oil groups was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in whole body moisture, crude lipid and ash contents among all groups (P>0.05). The whole body crude protein content in lard group was significantly lower than that in rapeseed oil, peanut oil and fish oil groups (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in other groups (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between muscle fatty acid content and corresponding dietary fatty acid content. The higher muscle n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content was detected in fish oil and fish oil+soybean oil groups, while the lower muscle n-3 PUFA content was detected in peanut oil and lard groups. These results suggest that soybean oil and rapeseed oil can be used as lipid sources in juvenile turbot diets, and fish oil, soybean oil can be mixed together (1:1) as a better lipid source to enhance the growth of juvenile turbot.

参考文献

[1] 李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:36-46.

[2] SARGENT J R,TOCHER D R,BELL J G.The lipids[C]//HALVER J E,HARDY R W.Fish nutrition.3rd ed.San Diego:Academic Press,2002:181-257.

[3] GREENE D H S,SELIVONCHICK D P.Effects of dietary vegetable,animal and marine lipids on muscle lipid and hematology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1990,89(2):165-182.  

[4] NEW M B,WIJKSTROM U N.Use of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds:further thoughts on the fishmeal trap[C].Rome:FAO Fisheries Circular NO.975 FIPP/C975.2002.

[5] STICKNEY R R,MCGEACHIN R B.Responses of Tilapia aurea to semipurified diets of differing fatty acid composition[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture,Nazareth.Tel Aviv,Israel:Tel Aviv University Press,1983:346-355.

[6] 王道尊,潘兆龙,梅志平.不同脂肪源饲料对青鱼生长的影响[J].水产学报,1989,13(4):370-374.

[7] ARZEL J,MARTINEZ LOPEZ F X,MÉTAILLER R,et al.Effect of dietary lipid on growth performance and body composition of brown trout (Salmo trutta) reared in seawater[J].Aquaculture,1994,123(3/4):361-375.

[8] 梁萌青,常青,王印庚,等.维生素E及脂肪源对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(5):15-21.

[9] BELL J G,CASTELL J D,TOCHER D R,et al.Effects of different dietary arachidonic acid:docosahexaenoic acid ratios on phospholipid fatty acid compositions and prostaglandin production in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1995,14(2):139-151.  

[10] BELL J G,TOCHER D R,FARNDAIE B M,et al.Effects of essential fatty acid-deficient diets on growth,mortality,tissue histopathology and fatty acid compositions in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1999,20(3):263-277.  

[11] AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International[M].16th ed.Arlington,VA:AOAC International,1995:1094.

[12] CHRISTIE W W.Lipid analysis[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1982:22.

[13] METCALFE L D,SCHMITZ A A,PEAKA J R,et al.Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis[J].Analytical Chemistry,1996,38(3):514-515.

[14] 高淳仁,雷霁霖.不同脂肪源对真鲷幼鱼生长、存活及体内脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(3):55-60.

[15] 马爱军,雷霁林,陈四清,等.大菱鲆营养需求与饲料研究进展[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(4):450-459.

[16] SARGENT J,BELL G,MCEVOY L,et al.Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish[J].Aquaculture,1999,177(1/2/3/4):191-199.  

[17] 季文娟.饲料中不同脂肪源对黑鲷幼鱼生长和鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响[J].海洋水产研究,1999,20(1):69-74.

[18] 王煜恒,王爱民,刘文斌,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫鱼种生长、消化率及体成分的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(9):1439-1446.

[19] MENOYO D,LOPEZ-BOTE C J,BAUTISTA J M,et al.Growth,digestibility and fatty acid utilization in large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed varying levels of n-3 and saturated fatty acid[J].Aquaculture,2003,225(1/2/3/4):295-307.  

[20] NG W K,SIGHOLT T,BELL J G.The influence of environmental temperature on the apparent nutrient and fatty acid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.) fed finishing diets containing different blends of fish oil,rapeseed oil and palm oil[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35(13):1228-1237.

[21] REGOST C,ARZEL J,ROBIN J,et al.Total replacement of fish oil by soybean or linseed oil with a return to fish oil in turbot (Psetta maxima):Ⅰ.Growth performance,flesh fatty acid profile,and lipid metabolism[J].Aquaculture,2003,217(1/2/3/4):465-482.

[22] XU R P,HUNG S S O,GERMAN J B.White sturgeon tissue fatty acid compositions are affected by dietary lipids[J].Journal of Nutrition,1993,123(10):1685-1692.

[23] HENDERSON R J.Fatty acid metabolism in freshwater fish with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,1996,49:5-22.

[24] SKONBERG D L,RASCO B A,DONG F M.Fatty acid composition of salmonid muscle changes in response to a high oleic acid diet[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1994,124(9):1628-1638.

[25] 王骥腾,田丽霞,王勇,等.3种植物油源对军曹鱼生长、体组成和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].浙江海洋学院报:自然科学版,2007,26(3):237-245.

[26] CABALLERO M J,OBACH A,ROSENLUND G,et al.Impact of different dietary lipid sources on growth,lipid digestibility,tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,2002,214(1/2/3/4):253-271.  

[27] 谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.鱼类对饲料脂肪源利用的研究进展[J].水产养殖,2007(5):38-41.

[28] 杭晓敏,唐涌濂,柳向龙.多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展[J].生物工程进展,2001,21(4):18-21.

[29] 赵红霞,曹俊明,陈水春,等.动植物脂肪源替代鱼油对鱼类影响的研究[J].饲料工业2007,28(24):23-26.

[30] BENDIKSEN E Å,BERG O K,JOBLING M,et al.Digestibility,growth and nutrient utilisation of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.) in relation to temperature,feed fat content and oil source[J].Aquaculture,2003,224(1/2/3/4):283-299.

[31] 刘玮,徐萍,任本根,等.不同脂肪源饲料对草鱼稚鱼生长的影响[J].水产学报,1995,19(4):362-365.

[32] GLENCROSS B,HAWKINS W,CURNOW J.Evaluation of canola oils as alternative lipid resources in diets for juvenile red seabream,Pagrus auratus[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2003,9(5):305-315.  

[33] 陈家林,韩东,朱晓鸣,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫的生长、体组成和肌肉脂肪酸的影[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):988-997.
文章导航

/