综述 Review

Six1对骨骼肌发育和肌纤维类型转化的调控

  • 徐孟 ,
  • 陈小玲 ,
  • 陈代文 ,
  • 余冰 ,
  • 罗钧秋 ,
  • 何军 ,
  • 毛湘冰 ,
  • 虞洁 ,
  • 郑萍 ,
  • 黄志清
展开
  • 四川农业大学动物营养研究所, 动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室, 成都 611130

收稿日期: 2015-02-07

  网络出版日期: 2015-07-07

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(31472110)

Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Development and Muscle Fiber-Type Transition by Six1

  • XU Meng ,
  • CHEN Xiaoling ,
  • CHEN Daiwen ,
  • YU Bing ,
  • LUO Junqiu ,
  • HE Jun ,
  • MAO Xiangbing ,
  • YU Jie ,
  • ZHENG Ping ,
  • HUANG Zhiqing
Expand
  • Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received date: 2015-02-07

  Online published: 2015-07-07

摘要

Six1是近年来发现的骨骼肌发育和肌纤维类型转化的关键调控因子。Six1基因广泛表达于各动物不同组织中,尤其在骨骼肌中表达最丰富。Six1对骨骼肌的调控贯穿于动物胚胎期到出生后整个过程,调控着骨骼肌的发育、肌肉损伤修复和肌纤维类型转化。本文概述了Six1基因的发现、Six1蛋白的结构、Six1在不同动物中的表达谱以及Six1在骨骼肌发育、肌肉损伤修复、肌纤维类型转化中的作用。

本文引用格式

徐孟 , 陈小玲 , 陈代文 , 余冰 , 罗钧秋 , 何军 , 毛湘冰 , 虞洁 , 郑萍 , 黄志清 . Six1对骨骼肌发育和肌纤维类型转化的调控[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(7) : 2005 -2011 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.07.004

Abstract

Six1 is a recently discovered key regulator of skeletal muscle development and muscle fiber-type transition. Six1 gene is widely expressed in a variety of different tissues. Notably, expression is most abundant in skeletal muscle. Six1 regulates skeletal muscle development, muscle injury repair, and muscle fiber-type transition from embryonic period to entire process of postnatal life of animals. This paper reviewed the discovery of Six1 gene, structure of Six1 protein, expression profiling of Six1 gene in different kinds of animals, and role of Six1 in skeletal muscle development, muscle injury repair and muscle fiber-type transition.

参考文献

[1] HU S Y,MAMEDOVA A,HEGDE R S.DNA-binding and regulation mechanisms of the SIX family of retinal determination proteins[J].Biochemistry,2008,47(11):3586-3594.  

[2] LACLEF C,HAMARD G,DEMIGNON J,et al.Altered myogenesis in Six1-deficient mice[J].Development,2003,130(10):2239-2252.  

[3] GRIFONE R,LACLEF C,SPITZ F,et al.Six1 and Eya1 expression can reprogram adult muscle from the slow-twitch phenotype into the fast-twitch phenotype[J].Molecular and Cellular Biology,2004,24(14):6253-6267.  

[4] CHEYETTE B N R,GREEN P J,MARTIN K,et al.The Drosophila sine oculis locus encodes a homeodomain-containing protein required for the development of the entire visual system[J].Neuron,1994,12(5):977-996.  

[5] WU W J,HUANG R H,WU Q H,et al.The role of Six1 in the genesis of muscle cell and skeletal muscle development[J].International Journal of Biological Sciences,2014,10(9):983-989.  

[6] STIERWALD M,YANZE N,BAMERT R P,et al.The Sine oculis/Six class family of homeobox genes in jellyfish with and without eyes:development and eye regeneration[J].Developmental Biology,2004,274(1):70-81.  

[7] GORDON B S,ELGADO DÍAZ D C,WHITE J P,et al.Six1 and Six1 cofactor expression is altered during early skeletal muscle overload in mice[J].The Journal of Physiological Sciences,2012,62(5):393-401.  

[8] NONOMURA K,TAKAHASHI M,WAKAMATSU Y,et al.Dynamic expression of Six family genes in the dental mesenchyme and the epithelial ameloblast stem/progenitor cells during murine tooth development[J].Journal of Anatomy,2010,216(1):80-91.  

[9] SATO S,IKEDA K,SHIOI G,et al.Regulation of Six1 expression by evolutionarily conserved enhancers in tetrapods[J].Developmental Biology,2012,368(1):95-108.  

[10] XU P X,ZHENG W M,HUANG L,et al.Six1 is required for the early organogenesis of mammalian kidney[J].Development,2003,130(14):3085-3094.

[11] KAWAKAMI K,OHTO H,TAKIZAWA T,et al.Identification and expression of six family genes in mouse retina[J].FEBS Letters,1996,393(2/3):259-263.

[12] WEASNER B,SALZER C,KUMAR J P.Sine oculis,a member of the SIX family of transcription factors,directs eye formation[J].Developmental Biology,2007,303(2):756-771.  

[13] CHRISTENSEN K L,BRENNAN J D G,ALDRIDGE C S,et al.Cell cycle regulation of the human Six1 homeoprotein is mediated by APCCdh1[J].Oncogene,2006,26(23):3406-3414.

[14] BOUCHER C A,CAREY N,EDWARDS Y H,et al.Cloning of the human SIX1 gene and its assignment to chromosome 14[J].Genomics,1996,33(1):140-142.  

[15] WANG H H,JINT H B,LIU H H,et al.Molecular cloning and expression pattern of duck Six1 and its preliminary functional analysis in myoblasts transfected with eukaryotic expression vector[J].Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics,2014,51(4):271-281.

[16] WU W J,REN Z Q,WANG Y,et al.Molecular characterization,expression patterns and polymorphism analysis of porcine Six1 gene[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2011,38(4):2619-2632.  

[17] XU M,CHEN X L,HUANG Z Q,et al.Prokaryotic expression,purification,and polyclonal antibody preparation,and tissue distribution of porcine Six1[J].Turkish Journal of Biology,2015,doi:10.3906/biy-1408-1466.

[18] BUCKINGHAM M,RIGBY P W J.Gene regulatory networks and transcriptional mechanisms that control myogenesis[J].Developmental Cell,2014,28(3):225-238.  

[19] O'BRIEN J H,HERNANDEZ-LAGUNAS L,ARTINGER K B,et al.MicroRNA-30a regulates zebrafish myogenesis through targeting the transcription factor Six1[J].Journal of Cell Science,2014,127(10):2291-2301.  

[20] BONNIN M A,LACLEF C,BLAISE R,et al.Six1 is not involved in limb tendon development,but is expressed in limb connective tissue under Shh regulation[J].Mechanisms of Development,2005,122(4):573-585.  

[21] DELFINI M-C,DUPREZ D.Ectopic Myf5 or MyoD prevents the neuronal differentiation program in addition to inducing skeletal muscle differentiation,in the chick neural tube[J].Development,2004,131(4):713-723.  

[22] FOUGEROUSSE F,DURAND M,LOPEZ S,et al.Six and Eya expression during human somitogenesis and MyoD gene family activation[J].Journal of Muscle Research & Cell Motility,2002,23(3):255-264.  

[23] OLIVER G,MAILHOS A,WEHR R,et al.Six3,a murine homologue of the sine oculis gene,demarcates the most anterior border of the developing neural plate and is expressed during eye development[J].Development,1995,121(12):4045-4055.

[24] GRIFONE R,DEMIGNON J,GIORDANI J,et al.Eya1 and Eya2 proteins are required for hypaxial somitic myogenesis in the mouse embryo[J].Developmental Biology,2007,302(2):602-616.  

[25] TREMBLAY P,DIETRICH S,MERICSKAY M,et al.A crucial role for Pax3 in the development of the hypaxial musculature and the long-range migration of muscle precursors[J].Developmental Biology,1998,203(1):49-61.  

[26] GRIFONE R,DEMIGNON J,HOUBRON C,et al.Six1 and Six4 homeoproteins are required for Pax3 and Mrf expression during myogenesis in the mouse embryo[J].Development,2005,132(9):2235-2249.  

[27] OZAKI H,WATANABE Y,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Six4,a putative myogenin gene regulator,is not essential for mouse embryonal development[J].Molecular and Cellular Biology,2001,21(10):3343-3350.  

[28] KIRBY R,HAMILTON G M,FINNEGAN D J,et al.Drosophila homolog of the myotonic dystrophy-associated gene,SIX5,is required for muscle and gonad development[J].Current Biology,2001,11(13):1044-1049.  

[29] KLESERT T R,CHO D H,CLARK J I,et al.Mice deficient in Six5 develop cataracts:implications for myotonic dystrophy[J].Nature Genetics,2000,25(1):105-109.  

[30] PARKER M H,SEALE P,RUDNICKI M A.Looking back to the embryo:defining transcriptional networks in adult myogenesis[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2003,4(7):497-507.  

[31] GIORDANI J,BAJARD L,DEMIGNON J,et al.Six proteins regulate the activation of Myf5 expression in embryonic mouse limbs[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104(27):11310-11315.  

[32] SAKAKIBARA I,SANTOLINI M,FERRY A,et al.Six homeoproteins and a linc-RNA at the fast MYH locus lock fast myofiber terminal phenotype[J].PLoS Genetics,2014,10(7):e1004538.

[33] WYZYKOWSKI J C,WINATA T I,MITIN N,et al.Identification of novel MyoD gene targets in proliferating myogenic stem cells[J].Molecular and Cellular Biology,2002,22(17):6199-6208.  

[34] LE GRAND F,GRIFONE R,MOURIKIS P,et al.Six1 regulates stem cell repair potential and self-renewal during skeletal muscle regeneration[J].The Journal of Cell Biology,2012,198(5):815-832.  

[35] DAUBAS P,BUCKINGHAM M E.Direct molecular regulation of the myogenic determination gene Myf5 by Pax3,with modulation by Six1/4 factors,is exemplified by the-111 kb-Myf5 enhancer[J].Developmental Biology,2013,376(2):236-244.  

[36] WU W J,REN Z Q,CHEN C,et al.Subcellular localization of different regions of porcine Six1 gene and its expression analysis in C2C12 myoblasts[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2012,39(12):9995-10002.  

[37] LI Z X,DENG D M,HUANG H C,et al.Overexpression of Six1 leads to retardation of myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2013,40(1):217-223.  

[38] WU W J,REN Z Q,ZHANG L,et al.Overexpression of Six1 gene suppresses proliferation and enhances expression of fast-type muscle genes in C2C12 myoblasts[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2013,380(1/2):23-32.

[39] WU W J,REN Z Q,LIU H L,et al.Core promoter analysis of porcine Six1 gene and its regulation of the promoter activity by CpG methylation[J].Gene,2013,529(2):238-244.  

[40] LIU Y B,CHAKROUN I,YANG D B,et al.Six1 Regulates MyoD expression in adult muscle progenitor cells[J].PloS One,2013,8(6):e67762.

[41] ZHANG H,STAVNEZER E.Ski regulates muscle terminal differentiation by transcriptional activation of Myog in a complex with Six1 and Eya3[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2009,284(5):2867-2879.  

[42] BESSARAB D A,CHONG S W,SRINIVAS B P,et al.Six1a is required for the onset of fast muscle differentiation in zebrafish[J].Developmental Biology,2008,323(2):216-228.  

[43] YAJIMA H,MOTOHASHI N,ONO Y,et al.Six family genes control the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells[J].Experimental Cell Research,2010,316(17):2932-2944.  

[44] RELAIX F,DEMIGNON J,LACLEF C,et al.Six homeoproteins directly activate Myod expression in the gene regulatory networks that control early myogenesis[J].PLoS Genetics,2013,9(4):e1003425.

[45] FU X,WANG H T,HU P.Stem cell activation in skeletal muscle regeneration[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2015:1-15.

[46] NORD H,SKALMAN L N,VON HOFSTEN J.Six1 regulates proliferation of Pax7-positive muscle progenitors in zebrafish[J].Journal of Cell Science,2013,126(8):1868-1880.  

[47] NORD H,BURGUIERE A C,MUCK J,et al.Differential regulation of myosin heavy chains defines new muscle domains in zebrafish[J].Molecular Biology of the Cell,2014,25(8):1384-1395.  

[48] KOSTEK M C,CHEN Y W,CUTHBERTSON D J,et al.Gene expression responses over 24 h to lengthening and shortening contractions in human muscle:major changes in CSRP3,MUSTN1,SIX1,and FBXO32[J].Physiological Genomics,2007,31(1):42-52.  

[49] NIRO C,DEMIGNON J,VINCENT S,et al.Six1 and Six4 gene expression is necessary to activate the fast-type muscle gene program in the mouse primary myotome[J].Developmental Biology,2010,338(2):168-182.  

[50] HETZLER K L,COLLINS B C,SHANELY R A,et al.The homoeobox gene Six1 alters myosin heavy chain isoform expression in mouse skeletal muscle[J].Acta Physiologica,2014,210(2):415-428.  

[51] QUIAT D,VOELKER K A,PEI J M,et al.Concerted regulation of myofiber-specific gene expression and muscle performance by the transcriptional repressor Sox6[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2011,108(25):10196-10201.  

[52] AN C I,GANIO E,HAGIWARA N.Trip12,a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase,targets Sox6 for proteasomal degradation and affects fiber type-specific gene expression in muscle cells[J].Skeletal Muscle,2013,3(1):11.

[53] RICHARD A F,DEMIGNON J,SAKAKIBARA I,et al.Genesis of muscle fiber-type diversity during mouse embryogenesis relies on Six1 and Six4 gene expression[J].Developmental Biology,2011,359(2):303-320.  
文章导航

/