动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 8: 2405 - 2413

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.08.012

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

饲粮碳水化合物组成对奶牛氮利用率的影响

  • 赵勐 ,
  • 王加启 ,
  • 朱丹 ,
  • 周小乔 ,
  • 张婷 ,
  • 牛俊丽 ,
  • 张开展 ,
  • 卜登攀
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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 东北农业大学 食品安全与营养协同创新中心, 哈尔滨 150030;
    3. 中国农业科学院与世界农用林业中心农用林业与 可持续畜牧业联合实验室, 北京 100193

收稿日期: 2015-03-16

  网络出版日期: 2015-08-13

基金资助

"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD12B02-5);中国阿根廷-奶牛营养调控与规范化饲养关键技术示范(科技部);"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD43B01-2)

收起

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Composition on Nitrogen Efficiency of Dairy Cows

  • ZHAO Meng ,
  • WANG Jiaqi ,
  • ZHU Dan ,
  • ZHOU Xiaoqiao ,
  • ZHANG Ting ,
  • NIU Junli ,
  • ZHANG Kaizhan ,
  • BU Dengpan
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China;
    3. CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2015-03-16

  Online published: 2015-08-13

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮碳水化合物组成对奶牛氮利用率的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用8头荷斯坦头胎奶牛作为试验动物,4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管,每个处理2头,安装和未安装瘘管的奶牛各1头。采用饲粮中性洗涤纤维与淀粉比例(NDF:starch)表示饲粮碳水化合物组成,通过改变饲粮中燕麦草、玉米青贮以及玉米的比例设计4种不同碳水化合物组成饲粮,NDF:starch分别为0.86、1.18、1.63和2.34。每期试验21 d,其中适应期14 d,采样期7 d。结果发现:1)乳蛋白产量与粗蛋白质采食量相关性最强(r=0.874,P<0.05),次之为可代谢蛋白质产量(r=0.700,P<0.05)和微生物蛋白产量(r=0.484,P<0.05);2)随着饲粮NDF:starch的增加,饲粮粗蛋白质转化为乳蛋白效率呈显著二次曲线关系(P<0.05),饲粮粗蛋白质转化为可代谢蛋白质效率呈线性升高趋势(0.05 ≤P <0.10),可代谢蛋白质转化为乳蛋白效率呈二次曲线趋势(0.05≤ P< 0.10),微生物蛋白转化为乳蛋白效率、饲粮粗蛋白质转化为微生物蛋白效率与微生物蛋白转化为可代谢蛋白质效率无显著变化(P>0.05);当饲粮NDF:starch为1.71时,奶牛饲粮粗蛋白质转化为乳蛋白效率最高,达到27.6%;3)随着饲粮NDF:starch的增加,尿中尿素氮含量呈先降低后升高的二次曲线变化趋势(0.05 ≤P <0.10),乳中和血液尿素氮含量呈显著的线性升高(P<0.05)。综合以上,奶牛饲粮碳水化合物组成能够影响氮利用率,随着饲粮NDF:starch的增加,奶牛饲粮粗蛋白质转化为乳蛋白效率呈二次曲线变化。在本饲粮条件下,奶牛饲粮NDF:starch为1.71时能够获得最佳的氮利用率。

关键词： 奶牛; 碳水化合物; 氮利用率

本文引用格式

赵勐 , 王加启 , 朱丹 , 周小乔 , 张婷 , 牛俊丽 , 张开展 , 卜登攀 . 饲粮碳水化合物组成对奶牛氮利用率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(8) : 2405 -2413 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.08.012

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effects dietary carbohydrate composition on nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows. Eight primiparous including four rumen cannulated dairy cows were assigned to 4 treatments in a 4×4 Latin square design with two cows in each treatment (1 normal cow and 1 rumen cannulated cows). Dietary carbohydrate composition was expressed as ratio of neutral detergent fiber to starch (NDF :starch). Oat hay, corn silage and corn were used to adjust dietary NDF:starch, and NDF:starch was 0.86, 1.18, 1.63 and 2.34, respectively. The experiment had four periods, each period was 21 d containing 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. The results showed as follows: 1) the correlation between milk protein yield and crude protein intake was the highest (r=0.874, P<0.05), which was followed by metabolizable protein (MP) yield (r=0.700, P<0.05) and microbial protein (MCP) yield (r=0.484, P<0.05); 2) with the increase of dietary NDF:starch, significantly quadratic relationship with the efficiency of dietary crude protein intake to milk protein was observed (P<0.05), linear increasing trend of the efficiency of dietary crude protein to metabolizable protein was observed (0.05≤P<0.10), and quadratic trend of the efficiency of metabolic protein to milk protein was observed (0.05≤P<0.10), while no significant effects were observed in efficiencies of microbial protein to milk protein, dietary crude protein to microbial protein and microbial protein to metabolizable protein (P>0.05); when dietary NDF:starch was 1.71, the efficiency of dietary crude protein to milk protein reached the highest level of 27.6%; 3) with the increase of dietary NDF:starch, the content of urea nitrogen in urine showed a trend of quadratic change (0.05≤ P< 0.10), however, the content of urea nitrogen in blood and milk were significantly linearly increased (P<0.05). Therefore, dietary carbohydrate composition can affect nitrogen utilization, and with the increase of dietary NDF:starch, quadratic increase of the efficiency of dietary crude protein to milk protein can be observed. Dietary NDF:starch of 1.71 can obtain the optimal nitrogen efficiency in dairy cows under the conditions of the present diet.

Key words： dairy; carbohydrate; nitrogen efficiency

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