饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响

史仁煌; 董双钊; 付瑶; 王雅晶; 曹志军; 李胜利; 赵国琦

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.08.013

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 8: 2414 - 2422

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.08.013

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响

史仁煌 ,
董双钊 ,
付瑶 ,
王雅晶 ,
曹志军 ,
李胜利 ,
赵国琦

展开

1. 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 北京 100193;
2. 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院, 扬州 225009

收稿日期: 2015-03-16

网络出版日期: 2015-08-13

基金资助

国家奶牛产业技术体系

收起

Effects of Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels in Diet on Milk Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Indices of Dairy Cows during Peak Lactation Period

SHI Renhuang ,
DONG Shuangzhao ,
FU Yao ,
WANG Yajing ,
CAO Zhijun ,
LI Shengli ,
ZHAO Guoqi

Expand

1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received date: 2015-03-16

Online published: 2015-08-13

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响。选用8头泌乳天数为(50±15) d的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛,按照4×4拉丁方设计,4个处理分别饲喂NDF水平为25.05%、28.05%、31.22%和34.19%的4种饲粮;共进行4期试验,每期21 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:1)随饲粮NDF水平的升高,奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳糖产量、乳蛋白产量和氮利用效率线性降低(P<0.05);乳脂率和乳尿素氮浓度线性增加(P<0.05);饲料转化效率和乳脂产量呈线性增加的趋势(P=0.05);乳蛋白率呈线性降低的趋势(P=0.08);但4%标准乳产量、乳糖率变化不显著(P>0.05)。2)随饲粮NDF水平的升高,NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率线性增加(P<0.05)。3)随饲粮NDF水平的升高,血清葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度线性降低(P<0.05);血清非酯化脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸及尿素氮浓度线性增加(P<0.05);血清甘油三酯(P=0.06)和皮质醇(P=0.07)浓度呈线性增加的趋势;但血清总胆固醇浓度无显著变化(P>0.05)。综合得出,饲粮中25.05%和34.19%NDF对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能和能氮利用都有不利影响,28.05%NDF比31.22%NDF的饲粮能氮利用更为合理,生产性能更佳,建议泌乳高峰期奶牛饲粮NDF水平为28.05%。

关键词： 荷斯坦奶牛; 中性洗涤纤维; 生产性能; 营养物质表观消化率; 血清指标

本文引用格式

史仁煌 , 董双钊 , 付瑶 , 王雅晶 , 曹志军 , 李胜利 , 赵国琦 . 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(8) : 2414 -2422 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.08.013

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels in diet on milk performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum indices of dairy cows during peak lactation period. Eight Holstein dairy cows [(50±15) days in milk] were selected in a 4×4 Latin square design. The NDF level in diets was 25.05%, 28.05%, 31.22% and 34.19%, respectively. The experiment had 4 periods with 21 days per period, and each period had 14 days for pre-test and 7 days for formal test. The results showed as follows: 1) with the increase of NDF level in diet, the dry matter intake, milk yield, lactose yield, milk protein yield and nitrogen efficiency decreased linearly (P<0.05); milk fat percentage and milk urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly (P<0.05); feed efficiency and milk fat yield tended to increase linearly (P=0.05); milk protein percentage tended to decrease linearly (P=0.08); while 4% fat corrected milk yield and lactose percentage were not significantly influenced (P>0.05). 2) With the increase of NDF level in diet, the apparent digestibility of NDF and acid detergent fiber increased linearly (P<0.05). 3) With the increase of NDF level in diet, serum glucose and insulin concentrations reduced linearly (P<0.05); serum non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and urea nitrogen concentrations increased linearly (P<0.05); serum triglyceride (P=0.06) and cortisol concentrations (P=0.07) tended to increase linearly, but total cholesterol concentration was not significantly influenced (P>0.05). In conclusion, both the 25.05% NDF and 34.19% NDF in diet have negative influence on energy-nitrogen utilization and milk performance, while the 28.05% NDF level can be more reasonable for nitrogen utilization and better milk performance than 31.22% NDF. It is suggested that the supplemental level of NDF be 28.05% for dairy cows in the peak lactation period.

Key words： Holstein dairy cows; NDF; milk performance; nutrient apparent digestibility; serum indices

参考文献

[1] SU Y J,ZHAO G Q,WEI Z,et al.Mutation of cellulose synthase gene improves the nutritive value of rice straw[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(6):800-805.

[2] SULLIVAN M L,GRIGSBY K N,BRADFORD B J.Effects of wet corn gluten feed on ruminal pH and productivity of lactating dairy cattle fed diets with sufficient physically effective fiber[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(9):5213-5220.

[3] AGRAWAL A,KARIM S,KUMER R,et al.Sheep and goat production:basic differences,impact on climate and molecular tools for rumen microbiome study[J].International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science,2014,3(1):684-706.

[4] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].6th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1989.

[5] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004.

[6] ZHONG R Z,LI J G,GAO Y X,et al.Effects of substitution of different levels of steam-flaked corn for finely ground corn on lactation and digestion in early lactation dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(10):3931-3937.

[7] GRUMMER R R,MASHEK D G,HAYIRLI A.Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period[J].Veterinary Clinics of North America:Food Animal Practice,2004,20(3):447-470.

[8] ARELOVICH H M,ABNEY C S,VIZCARRA J A,et al.Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber on intakes of dry matter and net energy by dairy and beef cattle:analysis of published data[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2008,24(5):375-383.

[9] TJARDES K E,BUSKIRK D D,ALLEN M S,et al.Neutral detergent fiber concentration in corn silage influences dry matter intake,diet digestibility,and performance of Angus and Holstein steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):841-846.

[10] 范铤.日粮中NDF水平及粗饲料NDF降解率对奶牛采食量及生产性能的影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014.

[11] BERGMAN E N.Glucose metabolism in ruminants as related to hypoglycemia and ketosis[J].Cornell Veterinarian,1973,63(3):341-382.

[12] 郭勇庆.日粮中快速降解淀粉比例对奶牛瘤胃发酵、泌乳性能和乳脂组成影响研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2013.

[13] KANJANAPRUTHIPONG J,THABOOT B.Effects of neutral detergent fiber from rice straw on blood metabolites and productivity of dairy cows in the tropics center[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2006,19(3):356-362.

[14] 马冬梅.TMR中NDF水平及饲草长度对奶牛采食、瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2009.

[15] KENDALL C,LEONARDI C,HOFFMAN P C,et al.Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(1):313-323.

[16] 周汉林,莫放,李琼,等.日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对生长公牛碳水化合物和蛋白质消化代谢的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2006,27(3):59-64.

[17] RUIZ T M,BERNAL E,STAPLES C R.Effect of dietary neutral detergent fiber concentration and forage source on performance of lactating cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1995,78(2):305-319.

[18] 易学武,张石蕊,刘海林,等.全混合日粮对奶牛生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响[J].中国奶牛,2006(6):11-15.

[19] 候玉洁.不同粗饲料降解特性及对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2014.

[20] GARVERICK H A,HARRIS M N,VOGEL-BLUEL R,et al.Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and glucose in blood of periparturient dairy cows are indicative of pregnancy success at first insemination[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(1):181-188.

[21] MARTINEZ C M,CHUNG Y H,ISHLEY V A,et al.Effects of dietary forage level and monensin on lactation performance,digestibility and fecal excretion of nutrients,and efficiency of feed nitrogen utilization of Holstein dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(7):3211-3221.

[22] 杨玉芬.日粮纤维对于猪不同生长阶段消化生理和生产性能影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2001.

[23] 初汉平.日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对新西兰种公兔精液品质、血清生化指标及生殖激素的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(15):44-46.

[24] CLEMENT K,GARNER C,HAGER J,et al.Indication for linkage of the human OB gene region with extreme obesity[J].Diabetes,1996,45(5):687-690.

[25] GRUMMER R R,CARROLL D J.A review of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism:importance to ovarian function[J].Journal of Animal Science,1988,66(12):3160-3173.

[26] KANJANAPRUTHIPONG J,HOMWRONG N,BUATONG N.Effects of prepartum roughage neutral detergent fiber levels on periparturient dry matter intake,metabolism,and lactation in heat-stressed dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(6):2589-2597.

[27] BROCKMAN R P,LAARVELD B.Hormonal regulation of metabolism in ruminants:a review[J].Livestock Production Science,1986,14(4):313-334.

[28] STANLTY C C,WILLLAM C C,JENNY B F.Effects of feeding milk replacer once versus twice daily on glucose metabolism in Holstein and Jersey calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(9):2335-2344.

Options

文章导航

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们