[1] JOHNSON E A,AN G H.Astaxanthin from microbial sources[J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,1991,11(4):297-326.

[2] 李小慧,汪学杰,牟希东,等.饲料中添加虾青素对血鹦鹉体色的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(20):8606-8607.
[3] MIAO F,LU D,LI Y,et al.Characterization of astaxanthin esters in
Haematococcus pluvialis by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry[J].Analytical biochemistry,2006,352(2):176-181.

[4] LEE P,SCHMIDT-DANNERT C.Metabolic engineering towards biotechnological production of carotenoids in microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,60(1-2):1-11.

[5] WANG X X,SHAO L.Research status of ornamental fish body color[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2008,28(2):57-59.
[6] TOURNIAIRE F,GOURANTON E,VON LINTIG J,et al.β-carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue[J].Genes & Nutrition,2009,4(3):179-187.

[7] SAMMAR M,LEVI L,HURVITZ A,et al.Studies on retinol-binding protein during vitellogenesis in the rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2005,141(2):141-151.

[8] NAGUIB Y M.Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related caroteniods[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2000,48(4):1150-1154.

[9] TORRISSEN O,HARDY R,SHEARER K,et al.Effects of dietary canthaxanthin level and lipid level on apparent digestibility coefficients for canthaxanthin in rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1990,88(3):351-362.
[10] 刘金海,王安利,王维娜.草金鱼总色素稳定性研究(Ⅱ)——酸碱度、维生素和有机物对草金鱼总色素稳定性的影响[J].水产科学,2005,24(3):7-9.
[11] YANG H Y,MU X D,LUO D,et al.Sodium taurocholate, a novel effective feed-additive for promoting absorption and pigmentation of astaxanthin in blood parrot (
Cichlasoma synspilum♀×
Cichlasoma citrinellum)[J].Aquaculture,2012,350:42-45.
[12] ILSLEY S,MILLER H,KAMEL C.Effects of dietary quillaja saponin and curcumin on the performance and immune status of weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(1):82-88.
[13] 孙彦,龙瑞才,张铁军,等.紫花苜蓿皂苷研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):274-283.
[14] COOKSON F,FEDOROFF S.Quantitative relationships between administered cholesterol and alfalfa required to prevent hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits[J].British Journal of Experimental Pathology,1968,49(4):348-355.
[15] YALINKILIC O,ENGINAR H.Effect of X-radiation on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in rats treated with saponin-containing compounds[J].Photochemistry and Photobiology,2008,84(1):236-242.
[16] 彭宝安,高永革,王成章,等.妊娠母猪饲粮中不同苜蓿鲜草替代量对其生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):219-228.
[17] MLGAARD J,VON SCHENCK H,OLSSON A G.Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type Ⅱ hyperlipoproteinemia[J].Atherosclerosis,1987,65(1):173-179.
[18] 张晓红,吴锐全,王海英,等.饲料中添加虾青素对血鹦鹉鱼皮肤类胡萝卜素含量和体色三色刺激值的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2010,30(4):77-80.
[19] BOONYARATPALIN M,THONGROD S,SUPAMATTAYA K,et al.Effects of β-carotene source,
Dunaliella salina,and astaxanthin on pigmentation,growth,survival and health of
Penaeus monodon[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(Suppl.1):182-190.
[20] YANAR M,ERÇEN Z,HUNT A Ö,et al.The use of alfalfa,
Medicago sativa as a natural carotenoid source in diets of goldfish,
Carassius auratus.[J].Aquaculture,2008,284(1):196-200.
[21] SHI Y H,WANG J,GUO R,et al.Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on growth performance and some antioxidant indices of weaned piglets[J].Livestock Science,2014,167:257-262.

[22] CHEEKE P,POWLEY J,NAKAUE H,et al.Feed preference responses of several avian species fed alfalfa meal, high-and low-saponin alfalfa, and quinine sulfate[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1983,63:707-710.

[23] YOUNG A,MORRIS P C,HUNTINGFORD F A,et al.Replacing fish oil with pre-extruded carbohydrate in diets for Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar, during their entire marine grow-out phase: effects on growth, composition and colour[J].Aquaculture,2006,253(1-4):531-546.

[24] 黄辨非,徐志维,罗静波.蛋白质水平对辣椒色素在红草金鱼体内沉积及鱼生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(4):49-52.
[25] 王岳飞,徐平,李磊,等.茶多酚与几种天然抗氧化物质的协同作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2010,30(2):109-114.
[26] WANG X D,MARINI R P,HEBUTERNE X,et al.Vitamin E enhances the lymphatic transport of β-carotene and its conversion to vitamin A in the ferret[J].Gastroenterology,1995,108(3):719-726.

[27] 王成章,王彦华,史莹华,等.苜蓿皂苷对断奶仔猪脂质代谢、抗氧化和免疫的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):210-218.
[28] METUSALACH,SYNOWIECKI J,BROWN J,et al.Deposition and metabolism of dietary canthaxanthin in different organs of arctic charr (
Salvelinus alpinus L.)[J].Aquaculture,1996,142(1):99-106.
[29] YAGIZ Y,KRISTINSSON H G,BALABAN M O,et al.Correlation between astaxanthin amount and a
* value in fresh Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar) muscle during different irradiation doses[J].Food Chemistry,2010,120(1):121-127.

[30] SORNSUPHARP B,LOMTHAISONG K,DAHMS H U,et al.Effects of dried fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae meal on pigmentation and carotenoid deposition in flowerhorn cichlid;
Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther,1864)×
Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther,1867)[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(1):173-184.

[31] CHOUBERT G,MENDES-PINTO M M,MORAIS R.Pigmenting efficacy of astaxanthin fed to rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss:effect of dietary astaxanthin and lipid sources[J].Aquaculture,2006,257(1):429-436.
[32] PU J,BECHTEL P J,SATHIVEL S.Extraction of shrimp astaxanthin with flaxseed oil:effects on lipid oxidation and astaxanthin degradation rates[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,107(4):364-371.