浒苔添加比例与微生物发酵对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响

李猛, 廖梅杰, 王印庚, 常青, 李彬, 张振, 范瑞用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.10.036

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 10: 3270 - 3278

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.10.036

研究简报 Short Communications

浒苔添加比例与微生物发酵对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响

展开

1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;
2. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 青岛 266071;
3. 青岛海昌生物科技有限公司, 青岛 266400;
4. 青岛瑞滋海珍品发展有限公司, 青岛 266400

李猛(1989—),男,山东邹城人,硕士研究生,从事海参饲料与微生物发酵技术研究。E-mail:1099928621@qq.com

收稿日期: 2015-04-15

网络出版日期: 2015-10-15

基金资助

青岛市战略性新兴产业培育计划项目(13-4-1-65-hy);青岛市民生科技计划项目"浒苔生物饲料生产及利用技术"(14-9-3-3-hy);青岛市市南区科技发展资金项目(2014-14-009-SW)

收起

Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera Adding Ratio and Microbial Fermentation on Growth, Digestion and Non-Specific Immune of Juvenile Sea Cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)

Expand

1. College of Fishers and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
3. Qingdao Haichang Aquatic Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China;
4. Qingdao Ruizi Seafood Development Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China

Received date: 2015-04-15

Online published: 2015-10-15

Fold

摘要

为探究浒苔添加比例与微生物发酵对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响,试验以浒苔、马尾藻、石莼、扇贝边等为原料,配制成浒苔添加比例分别为0、10%、20%、30%和40%的5种饲料。将每种饲料均分成2份,其中1份利用酿酒酵母菌发酵,试验最终得到10种试验饲料。将上述饲料饲喂初始平均体重为(3.94±0.46) g的幼刺参46 d,每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复投喂30头幼刺参。结果表明:1)随着浒苔添加比例的提高,在未发酵组中幼刺参的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)有升高的趋势,以40%添加组最优;在发酵组中幼刺参的WGR、SGR和FE先升高后降低,以30%添加组最优。添加30%与40%的浒苔对WGR、SGR和FE的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但二者均显著高于添加10%的浒苔(P<0.05)。而发酵与否对各项生长性能指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)在未发酵组中,随着浒苔添加比例的提高,肠道纤维素酶活力呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;而在发酵组中,肠道纤维素酶活力呈现出不断上升趋势。同一添加比例下,发酵组的肠道纤维素酶活力要高于未发酵组,且在添加比例为10%、20%、40%时差异显著(P<0.05)。浒苔添加比例和发酵与否之间的交互作用除对肠道纤维素酶活力有显著影响(P<0.05)外,对肠道胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)浒苔添加比例与发酵与否对幼刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均无显著促进作用(P>0.05),且二者无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。由此得出,幼刺参饲料中浒苔的适宜添加比例在30%~40%之间;对添加浒苔饲料的进行微生物发酵可以适当提高幼刺参肠道中纤维素酶活力。

关键词： 浒苔; 刺参; 发酵; 生长; 纤维素酶; 非特异性免疫

本文引用格式

李猛, 廖梅杰, 王印庚, 常青, 李彬, 张振, 范瑞用 . 浒苔添加比例与微生物发酵对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(10) : 3270 -3278 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.10.036

Abstract

A 46-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Enteromorpha prolifera and microbial fermentation on growth, digestion and non-specific immune of juvenile sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka).Main sources included Enteromorpha prolifera, Sargassum polycystum,Sargassum thunbergii, Ulva lactuca and so on.Five diets were formulated to contain 0, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of Enteromorpha prolifera, respectively.Half of each diet was fermented by the suspension of Brewer's yeast.The trial finally had 10 experimental diets.Each diet was randomly fed to one group with 3 replicates of 30 sea cucumber [average body weight of (3.94±0.46) g].The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of sea cucumbers were increased with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the non-fermented groups, and the group of 40% Enteromorpha prolifera was the best; the WGR, SGR and FE of sea cucumbers were firstly increased and then decreased with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the fermented groups, and the group of 30% Enteromorpha prolifera was the best.The WGR, SGR and FE in the group of 30% and 40% Enteromorpha prolifera were not significantly different (P>0.05), but all of them were significantly higher than those in the group of 10% Enteromorpha prolifera (P<0.05).The growth performance indices of sea cucumbers were not significantly affected by microbial fermentation (P>0.05).2) The intestinal cellulase activity was increased in the first stage and then decreased with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the non-fermented groups.However, the intestinal cellulase activity tended to increase with Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio increasing among the fermented groups.In the same adding ratio, the intestinal cellulase activity in the fermented groups was higher than that in the non-fermented groups, and the significant differences were found when adding ratios were 10%, 20% and 40% (P<0.05).There was significant interaction between yes or no fermentation and Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio on the intestinal cellulase activity (P<0.05), but no significant interactions on intestinal amylase and trypsin activities (P>0.05).3) The superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of coelomic fluid were not significantly affected by yes or no fermentation and Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio (P>0.05), and the yes or no fermentation and Enteromorpha prolifera adding ratio had no significant interactions on them.It can be concluded that the optimal adding ratio of Enteromorpha prolifera in the diet of juvenile sea cucumber is between 30% and 40%.And microbial fermentation can promote the intestinal cellulase activity of juvenile sea cucumber to some extent.

Key words： Enteromorpha prolifera; sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka); fermentation; growth; cellulase; non-specific immune

参考文献

[1] 唐黎,王吉桥,许重,等.不同发育期的幼体和不同规格刺参消化道中四种消化酶的活性[J].水产科学,2007,26(5):275-277.

[2] 王晓坤,马家海,叶道才,等.浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifem)生活史的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2007,26(5):112-116.

[3] 徐大伦,黄晓春,杨文鸽,等.浒苔营养成分分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2003,22(4):318-320.

[4] 林英庭,朱风华,徐坤,等.青岛海域浒苔营养成分分析与评价[J].饲料工业,2009,30(3):46-49.

[5] 卢青,杨宁,王正丽,等.饲料中添加浒苔对大菱鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响[J].青岛农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,32(1):62-66.

[6] 闫杰,张欣,孔晓静,等.饵料中浒苔添加量对梭鱼生长影响效果研究[J].饲料研究,2012(3):64-65,71.

[7] ASINNO H,AI Q H,MAI K S.Evaluation of Enteromorpha prolifera as a feed component in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson,1846) diets[J].Aquaculture Research,2011,42(2):525-533.

[8] 李敏,张汉华,朱长波,等.不同饵料及其组合对黑鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响[J].南方水产,2007,3(6):40-46

[9] 任厚朋.浒苔的开发及综合应用[J].上海化工,2014,39(3):1-4.

[10] 李秀辰,张国琛,孙文,等.不同预处理和发酵条件对浒苔沼气产率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):200-206.

[11] 李茜,王树启,游翠红,等.三种非淀粉多糖酶对几种海藻的体外消化效果比较[J].饲料工业,2013,34(22):37-41.

[12] 赵斌,何绍江.微生物学实验[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:67-72.

[13] ERLANGER B F,KOKOWSKY N,COHEN W.The Preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1961,95(2):271-278.

[14] 中山大学生物化学教研室.生化技术导论[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1978:53-55.

[15] 李晓,王颖,吴志宏,等.浒苔对刺参幼参生长影响的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(5):1092-1099.

[16] 钟礼云.浒苔系列产品生理功能活性研究[D].硕士学位论文.福州:福建医科大学,2008:56-62.

[17] 刘天红,吴志宏,王颖,等.浒苔作为仿刺参幼参植物饲料源的可行性研究[J].水产科学,2013,32(10):597-600.

[18] LIU Y,DONG S L,TIAN X L,et al.Effects of dietary sea mud and yellow soil on growth and energy budget of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)[J].Aquaculture,2009,286(3/4):266-270.

[19] 朱建新,曲克明,李健,等.不同处理方法对浒苔饲喂稚幼刺参效果的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2009,30(5):108-112.

[20] 朱伟,麦康森,张百刚,等.刺参稚参对蛋白质和脂肪需求量的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2005,29(3):54-58.

[21] 郭娜.不同饲料对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、消化生理和能量收支的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:24-57.

[22] 白燕,王维新.刺参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶与纤维素酶活性的测定方法[J].饲料工业,2012,33(20):28-32.

[23] 胡喜峰,王成章,张春梅,等.不同水平苜蓿草粉对团头鲂生长性能及肉品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(11):49-56.

[24] 张明,王雷,郭振宇,等.脂多糖和弧菌对中国对虾血清磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和血蓝蛋白的影响[J].海洋科学,2004,28(7):22-25.

[25] CAJARAVILE M P,BEBIANNO M J,BLASCO J,et al.The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Peninsula:a practical approach[J].Science of the Total Environment,2000,247(2/3):295-311.

[26] RAJALAKSHMI S,MOHANDAS A.Copper-induced changes in tissue enzyme activity in a freshwater mussel[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2005,62(1):140-143.

[27] REGOLI F,CERRANO C,CHIERICI E,et al.Seasonal variability of prooxidant pressure and antioxidant adaptation to symbiosis in the Mediterranean demosponge Petrosia ficiformis[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,275:129-137.

[28] 饶辉.国内外微生物发酵饲料的研究进展[J].湖南饲料,2009(2):31-33.

[29] 姜燕.刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)发酵饲料的制作工艺与应用效果研究[D].博士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2014:43-72.

[30] 王吉桥,蒋湘辉,赵丽娟,等.不同饲料蛋白源对仿刺参幼参生长的影响[J].饲料博览,2007(19):9-13.

[31] WEST-EBERHARD M J.Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1989,20:249-278.

[32] 牛建峰,范晓蕾,潘光华,等.青岛海域大面积聚集漂浮浒苔的显微观测[J].海洋科学,2008,32(8):30-33.

[33] REDDY N R,PIERSON M D.Reduction in antinutritional and toxic components in plant foods by fermentation[J].Food Research International,1994,27(3):281-290.

[34] STEINKRAUS K H.Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Food[M].New York:Marcel Dekker,1996.

[35] 邬苏焕,宋兴福,刘够生,等.双菌固态发酵处理餐厨垃圾[J].食品与发酵工业,2004,30(5):63-68.

[36] 李豫红,高峰.浅谈水产养殖中的微生物活菌制剂[J].河北渔业,2003(1):6-7.

[37] GILL H S,RUTHERFURD K J,PRASAD J,et al.Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001),Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019)[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,83(2):167-176.

Options

文章导航

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们