代乳品蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响

黄开武; 屠焰; 司丙文; 许贵善; 郭江鹏; 杨春涛; 郭峰; 刁其玉

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.12.036

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 12: 3940 - 3950

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.12.036

研究简报 Short Communications

代乳品蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响

黄开武 ,
屠焰 ,
司丙文 ,
许贵善 ,
郭江鹏 ,
杨春涛 ,
郭峰 ,
刁其玉

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1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081;
2. 塔里木大学动物科技学院, 阿拉尔 843300;
3. 北京市畜牧总站, 北京 100029

收稿日期: 2015-07-08

网络出版日期: 2015-12-14

基金资助

农业部公益性行业专项"南方地区幼龄草食畜禽饲养技术研究"(201303143);2014年北京市农业局科技项目"犊牛早期断奶关键技术集成与示范

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Effects of Protein Source in Milk Replacer on Nutrient Digestion and Rumen Fermentation of Early-Weaner Calves

HUANG Kaiwu ,
TU Yan ,
SI Bingwen ,
XU Guishan ,
GUO Jiangpeng ,
YANG Chuntao ,
GUO Feng ,
DIAO Qiyu

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1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Nutrition, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alear 843300, China;
3. The Animal Husbandry Station of Beijing, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2015-07-08

Online published: 2015-12-14

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摘要

本试验旨在研究代乳品中不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响。选用体重相近、(21±5)日龄的中国荷斯坦公犊牛50头,随机分成5组,每组10头犊牛,对照组(MP组)代乳品采用乳源蛋白质,试验组代乳品采用植物源蛋白质和乳源蛋白质[粗蛋白质(CP)比为70:30],植物源蛋白质分别为大豆浓缩蛋白(SP组)、改性小麦蛋白(WP组)、花生浓缩蛋白(PP组)、大米分离蛋白(RP组)。试验期42 d,在28、42和56日龄采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标;在29~35日龄、57~63日龄分别进行消化代谢试验。结果显示:1)22~63日龄各组犊牛干物质采食量(DMI)平均值无显著差异(P>0.05),57~63日龄SP和RP组DMI显著高于MP、WP和PP组(P<0.05)。2)29~35日龄,有机物(OM)消化率MP组显著高于WP、PP、RP 3组(P<0.05);CP消化率MP组显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),而SP、RP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05),WP组显著高于PP组(P<0.05);粗脂肪(EE)消化率MP、SP、RP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05);钙(Ca)消化率MP、RP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05);磷(P)消化率MP组显著高于SP、WP、PP组(P<0.05)。57~63日龄,OM消化率MP组显著高于WP、PP组(P<0.05);CP消化率MP组显著高于WP、PP、RP组(P<0.05);Ca消化率MP组显著高于SP、WP组(P<0.05);EE消化率MP组与SP、WP、PP、RP 4组均无显著差异(P>0.05),P消化率各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)28和42日龄,各组间各瘤胃发酵指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);56日龄时,SP和RP组瘤胃液pH显著低于WP和PP组(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度MP组与其他4组无显著差异(P>0.05),但PP组显著低于SP和RP组(P<0.05);SP和RP组丙酸、丁酸浓度分别显著高于和低于MP、WP和PP组(P<0.05),异戊酸、戊酸浓度MP组显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本营养调控条件下,犊牛对植物源蛋白质的消化率低于乳源蛋白质,随日龄的增长,消化率差距减小;植物源蛋白质中大豆蛋白具有较高的消化率;相对于乳源蛋白质,植物源蛋白质可以促进犊牛瘤胃尽早发育。

关键词： 犊牛; 植物源蛋白质; 代乳品; 消化; 代谢; 瘤胃

本文引用格式

黄开武 , 屠焰 , 司丙文 , 许贵善 , 郭江鹏 , 杨春涛 , 郭峰 , 刁其玉 . 代乳品蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(12) : 3940 -3950 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.12.036

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein source in milk replacer on nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation of early-weaner calves. Fifty(21±5)-day-old Chinese Holstein bull calves with similar body weight were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 10 calves each. The protein source of control group(MP group) was from milk protein. Calves in 4 experimental groups were fed with milk replacer whose protein contains 70% vegetable protein and 30% milk protein of crude protein(CP). Vegetable protein sources were soybean protein concentrate(SP), wheat gluten(WP), peanut protein concentrate(PP) and rice protein isolate(RP), respectively. The trial lasted for 42 d, and rumen fluid was collected at 28, 42 and 56 days of age; digestion trials were performed at 29 to 35 and 57 to 63 days of age, respectively. The results showed as follows:1) there was no significant difference on the mean of dry matter intake(DMI) from 22 to 63 days of age among groups(P>0.05), while DMI of claves at 57 to 63 days of age of SP and RP groups was significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05). 2) At 29 to 35 days of age, organic matter(OM) digestibility of MP group was significantly higher than that of WP, PP and RP groups(P<0.05); CP digestibility of MP group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05), while SP and RP groups were significantly higher than WP and PP groups(P<0.05), and WP group was significantly higher than PP group(P<0.05); ether extract(EE) digestibility of MP, SP and RP groups was significantly higher than that of WP and PP groups(P<0.05); calcium(Ca) digestibility of MP and RP groups was significantly higher than that of WP and PP groups(P<0.05); phosphorus(P) digestibility of MP group was significantly higher than that of SP, WP and PP groups(P<0.05). At 57 to 63 days of age, OM digestibility of MP group was significantly higher than that of WP and PP groups(P<0.05); CP digestibility of MP group was significantly higher than that of WP, PP and RP groups(P<0.05); Ca digestibility of MP group was significantly higher than that of SP and WP groups(P<0.05); EE digestibility of MP group was not significant different from that of the other groups(P>0.05); there was no significantly difference on P digestibility among five groups(P>0.05). 3) There were no significantly differences on rumen fermentation indexes among five groups at 28 and 42 days of age(P>0.05); at 56 days of age, rumen fluid pH of SP and RP groups was significantly lower than that of WP and PP groups(P<0.05). The difference of total volatile fatty acids(TVFA) concentration of MP with the other groups was not significantly(P>0.05), while TVFA concentration of PP group was significantly lower than that of SP and RP groups(P<0.05); propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations of SP and RP groups were significantly higher and lower than those of MP, WP and PP groups(P<0.05), respectively, and isovaleric acid and valeric acid concentrations were significantly lower than those of the other groups(P<0.05). From the above, under nutrient conditions in the present study, the digestibility of vegetable protein is lower than that of milk protein in calves; soybean protein concentrate has higher digestibility in the four sources of vegetable protein, but the difference is lowered with growing; vegetable protein have stronger auxo-action to rumen growth than milk protein.

Key words： calf; vegetable protein; milk replacer; digestion; metabolism; rumen

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