本试验旨在研究支链氨基酸(BCAAs)对肉鸡生长性能及肠道发育的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)健康肉公鸡384只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只。各组分别饲喂BCAAs水平为3.04%、3.93%、4.82%和5.71%的试验饲粮,各组饲粮中亮氨酸: 异亮氨酸: 缬氨酸均为1.8: 1.0: 1.2,自由采食和饮水,试验期21 d。结果表明:各组肉鸡体重及平均日增重均无显著差异(P>0.05),但5.71%组肉鸡平均日采食量显著小于3.04%组(P<0.05),4.82%和5.71%组肉鸡料重比显著小于3.04%组(P<0.05)。14、21日龄时,随着BCAAs水平从3.04%增加到4.82%,肉鸡十二指肠、空肠单位长度重及空肠相对重逐渐增加,且4.82%组肉鸡十二指肠单位长度重显著大于3.04%组(P<0.05);而当BCAAs水平从4.82%增加到5.71%时,则肉鸡十二指肠单位长度重及空肠相对重显著下降(P<0.05)。在14、21日龄时,4.82%组肉鸡十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度均显著大于3.04%组(P<0.05)。在10、14日龄时,4.82%组肉鸡空肠绒毛高度显著大于3.04%组(P<0.05);5.71%组肉鸡小肠绒毛高度均显著小于4.82%组(P<0.05)。另外,5.71%组肉鸡空肠隐窝深度与3.04%组无显著差异(P>0.05);而10、21日龄时,4.82%组肉鸡空肠隐窝深度显著大于3.93%组(P<0.05)。10、14、21日龄时,5.71%组肉鸡空肠和回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)最低,且与3.04%组差异不显著(P>0.05);但3.93%组肉鸡空肠和回肠V/C显著大于5.71%组(P<0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,增加饲粮BCAAs水平能够降低肉鸡料重比;适宜水平的BCAAs能够促进肉鸡肠道生长发育;但高水平BCAAs则会显著降低肉鸡平均日采食量,同时导致小肠生长发育减慢。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on the growth performance and intestinal development of broilers. Three hundred and eighty-four one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) healthy male broilers were randomly assigned into four groups with 6 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate. Each group was offered one of the following diets with different BCAAs levels: 3.04%, 3.93%, 4.82% and 5.71%, respectively. The ratio of leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) was 1.8: 1.0: 1.2. The experiment lasted for 21 days and all birds were free to feed and water. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight or average daily gain among all groups (P>0.05), while the average daily feed intake in 5.71% group was significantly lower than that in 3.04% group (P<0.05), the ratio of feed to gain in 4.82% and 5.71% groups was significantly lower than that in 3.04% group (P<0.05). At age of 14 and 21 days, the weight of unit length of duodenum and jejunum of broilers, as well as the relative weight of jejunum rose with the increasing level of BCAAs from 3.04% to 4.82%. Additionally, at age of 14 and 21 days, the weight of unit length of duodenum in 4.82% group was significantly higher than that in 3.04% group (P<0.05). At age of 14 and 21 days, the weight of unit length of duodenum and the relative weight of jejunum were significantly decreased as the level of BCAAs increased from 4.82% to 5.71% (P<0.05). At age of 14 and 21 days, the villus height of duodenum and ileum in 4.82% group was significantly higher than that in 3.04% group (P<0.05). At age of 10 and 14 days, the villus height of jejunum in 4.82% group was significantly higher than that in 3.04% group (P<0.05), while the villus height of the small intestine in 5.71% group was significantly lower than that in 4.82% group (P<0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were found in crypt depth of jejunum between 5.71% and 3.04% groups (P>0.05). At age of 10 and 21 days, the crypt depth of jejunum in 4.82% group was significantly higher than that in 3.93% group (P<0.05). At age of 10, 14 and 21 days, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum and ileum in 5.71% was the lowest among all groups, but no significant difference was found when compared with 3.04% group (P>0.05). The V/C of jejunum and ileum in 3.93% group was significantly higher than that in 5.71% group (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the situation of this experiment, with the increase of BCAAs level, the ratio of feed to gain can decrease; the addition of BCAAs with appropriate amount can promote intestinal development of broilers, while excessive addition can significantly decrease average daily feed intake and lead to the postponed development of the small intestine.
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