本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同水平发酵葡萄籽粕对5~12周龄五龙鹅消化生理、免疫器官指数和血清抗氧化指标的影响,以确定发酵葡萄籽粕使用效果和适宜添加水平。选用5周龄五龙鹅288只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鹅(公母各占1/2)。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加2%(Ⅱ组)、4%(Ⅲ组)、6%(Ⅳ组)、8%(Ⅴ组)、10%(Ⅵ组)的发酵葡萄籽粕。试验期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅴ组十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶及胰腺中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性极显著提高(P<0.01),Ⅳ组胰腺中胰脂肪酶活性极显著提高(P<0.01),Ⅴ组胃蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组肠道中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅴ组肠道中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅳ组肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅴ组隐窝深度极显著降低(P<0.01)。4)各组免疫器官指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅴ组血清总抗氧化能力极显著提高(P<0.01);Ⅳ组血清丙二醛含量极显著降低(P<0.01),Ⅴ组血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性极显著提高(P<0.01)。由此可见,发酵葡萄籽粕能显著提高5~12周龄五龙鹅消化酶活性,优化肠道组织结构,提高鹅的抗氧化能力,对免疫器官指数没有影响。建议饲粮中发酵葡萄籽粕适宜添加水平为6%~8%。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different zymotic grape seed meal levels on digestive physiology, immune organ indices and serum antioxidant indices of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 12 weeks, to find the appropriate supplemental level of the zymotic grape seed meal and its feed effect. A total of 288 five-week-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 geese per replicate (half male and half female). Geese in the control group (group Ⅰ) were fed a basal diet, and the others were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% (group Ⅱ), 4% (group Ⅲ), 6% (group Ⅳ), 8% (group Ⅴ), 10% (group Ⅵ) zymotic grape seed meal, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the activities of amylase, trypsin, lipase in duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅴ were significantly increased (P<0.01), the activities of amylase and trypsin in pancreas in group Ⅴ were significantly increased (P<0.01); the activity of lipase in pancreas in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.01); the activity of pepsin in group Ⅴ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli in intestinal tract in group Ⅳ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the number of Lactobacillus in intestinal tract in group Ⅴ was significantly increased (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the intestinal villus height in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05); the thickness of muscle in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05); the crypt depth in group Ⅴ was significantly decreased (P<0.01). 4) There were no significant differences on immune organ indices among all groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum total antioxidant capacity in group Ⅴ was significantly increased (P<0.01); the serum malonaldehyde content in group Ⅳ was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum in group Ⅴ were significantly increased (P<0.01). In conclusion, zymotic grape seed meal can improve digestive enzyme activity, optimize the structure of intestinal tissue, improve antioxidant function of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 12 weeks, and has no effect on immune organ index, and the dietary appropriate supplemental level is 6% to 8%.
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