本试验通过研究饲料胆碱水平对大规格吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、肝胰脏胆碱蓄积量及血清生化指标的影响,以确定大规格吉富罗非鱼幼鱼对饲料中胆碱的需要量。配制胆碱水平分别为45.1、308.9、540.5、946.0、1 486.5和1 756.8 mg/kg的6种试验饲料,饲喂初始体重为(57.4±2.5) g的大规格吉富罗非鱼幼鱼10周。每种试验饲料随机饲喂4个网箱,每个网箱放养20尾鱼。结果显示:饲料胆碱水平≥308.9 mg/kg时,试验鱼的增重率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均显著高于饲料胆碱水平为45.1 mg/kg时(P<0.05);1 486.5 mg/kg组试验鱼的肝体比和肥满度最大,显著大于45.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。540.5 mg/kg组试验鱼的脏体比最小,显著小于除1 756.8 mg/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。1 756.8 mg/kg组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于946.0 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。随饲料胆碱水平的增加,肝胰脏粗脂肪含量呈现先下降后稳定的趋势,而肌肉粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量则呈现先上升后稳定的趋势。饲料胆碱水平≥946.0 mg/kg时,试验鱼血清甘油三酯与总胆固醇含量显著高于45.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05);血清谷草转氨酶与谷丙转氨酶活力随饲料胆碱水平的增加呈现先下降后稳定的趋势,且均在1 756.8 mg/kg组最低;饲料胆碱水平对试验鱼血清总蛋白与葡萄糖含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。肝胰脏胆碱蓄积量随饲料胆碱水平的增加呈现先上升后稳定的趋势。通过折线回归分析,以增重率为评价指标,大规格吉富罗非鱼幼鱼获得最佳生长时对饲料中胆碱的需要量为625.42 mg/kg;以肝胰脏胆碱蓄积量为评价指标,大规格吉富罗非鱼幼鱼获得最大肝胰脏胆碱蓄积量时对饲料中胆碱的需要量为1 118.61 mg/kg。
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary choline level on the growth performance, body composition, hepatopancreas choline accumulation and serum biochemical indexes of large size juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), in order to determine the dietary choline requirement of large size juvenile GIFT. Six experimental diets were prepared with different choline levels (45.1, 308.9, 540.5, 946.0, 1 486.5 and 1 756.8 mg/kg, respectively), and large size juvenile GIFT with the average body weight of (57.4±2.5) g were fed the 6 kinds of diets for 10 weeks. Each diet was randomly fed four pond cages, and each pond cage had 20 fish. The results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) and feed efficiency (FE) in the groups of dietary choline level was equal or more than 308.9 mg/kg were significantly higher than those in 45.1 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) in 1 486.5 mg/kg group seemed to be the highest, and were significantly higher than those in 45.1 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Viscerosomatic index (VSI) in 1 486.5 mg/kg group seemed to be the lowest, and was significantly lower than that in other groups except 1 756.8 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Whole body crude lipid content in 1 756.8 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in 946.0 mg/kg group (P<0.05). With the increase of dietary choline level, the hepatopancreas crude lipid content showed a trend of decreasing firstly and then stabilized, while the contents of crude lipid and crude protein in muscle showed a trend of increasing firstly and then stabilized. Serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglyceride (TG) contents showed a rising tendency with increasing dietary choline level, and which in the groups of dietary choline level was equal or more than 946.0 mg/kg were significantly higher than those in 45.1 mg/kg group (P<0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities showed a descending trend firstly and then stabilized with increasing dietary choline level, and seemed to be the lowest in 1 756.8 mg/kg group. No significant differences in serum total protein (TP) and glucose (GLU) contents were found among the groups (P>0.05). Hepatopancreas choline accumulation showed a trend of increasing firstly and then stabilized with increasing dietary choline level. Base on the WGR as the evaluation index, large size juvenile GIFT demand for 625.42 mg/kg dietary choline to obtain the best growth, and demand for 1 118.61 mg/kg dietary choline to obtain the highest hepatopancreas choline accumulation base on the hepatopancreas choline accumulation as the evaluation index.
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