在实用饲料(含铜11.1 mg/kg)中分别添加0(对照)、5、10、20和40 mg/kg铜[以五水硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)形式],制成5种试验饲料,投喂平均体重为(98.1±0.5) g的斑点叉尾 42 d,研究实用饲料中补充铜对斑点叉尾 生长和体色的影响。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养20尾鱼。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加10 mg/kg铜显著提高了鱼体的增重率(P<0.05),显著降低了饲料系数(P<0.05);饲料铜添加量进一步增加到40 mg/kg,鱼体的增重率则较添加量为10 mg/kg时显著降低(P<0.05),同时饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05)。肝脏和骨骼铜含量随着饲料中铜添加量的增加而上升,其中20、40 mg/kg铜添加组的肝脏铜含量显著高于对照组和5 mg/kg铜添加组(P<0.05),40 mg/kg铜添加组的骨骼铜含量也显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而肌肉铜含量保持基本不变(P>0.05)。饲料中添加0~40 mg/kg铜对斑点叉尾 背部皮肤、肌肉色度值、总叶黄素含量及背部皮肤酪氨酸酶活性均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。各组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性和总胆红素(T-Bil)含量以及肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。10 mg/kg铜添加组具有最高的血清铜锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD)活性,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而其他各组间则无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,斑点叉尾 实用饲料中铜的添加量建议为10 mg/kg(饲料铜含量实测值为20.2 mg/kg)。
In the present study, copper (as the form of CuSO4·5H2O) with the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg were supplemented in a practical diet which contained 11.1 mg/kg copper to formulate five experimental diets to evaluate the effects of practical diet with copper on growth and body color of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The five experimental diets were fed to channel catfish with the average body weight of (98.1±0.5) g for 42 d. Each diet had 3 replicates, and each replicate had 20 fish. The results showed that weight gain rate was significantly increased and feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased by the supplementation of 10 mg/kg copper when compared with control group (P<0.05), but with the copper supplemental level increased to 40 mg/kg, the weight gain rate was significantly decreased and the feed conversion ratio was significantly increased compared with 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). The copper content in liver and bone was increased with the increase of dietary copper supplemental level, the liver copper content in 20 and 40 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than that in control group and 5 mg/kg group (P<0.05), and the bone copper content in 40 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), while the muscle copper content showed no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05). The chroma values and total xanthophylls content of dorsal skin, muscle and tyrosinase activity of dorsal skin of channel catfish were not significantly affected by 0 to 40 mg/kg copper supplementation (P>0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alannine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and total bilirubin (T-Bil) content, and muscle moisture, crude protein, ether extract and ash contents were not significantly different among all groups (P>0.05). The activity of serum copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase in 10 mg/kg group was the highest, and significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among other groups (P>0.05). Base on results above, the optimal copper supplementation in the practical diet is suggested to be 10 mg/kg for channel catfish under this experimental condition, and the measured value of dietary copper content is 20.2 mg/kg.
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