本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对意大利蜜蜂归巢能力及记忆相关基因表达的影响。选择9群群势相当的本地意大利蜜蜂,随机分为3组,每组3群。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为15%、25%、35%的试验饲粮。饲喂45 d后,测定采集蜂分别在1 000、2 000 m处的回归率及不同日龄(刚出房、10日龄、20日龄)工蜂3个记忆相关基因[谷氨酸受体A型基因(GluRA)、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1型基因(Nmdar1)、酪胺受体1型基因(Tyr1)]的表达情况。结果表明:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组蜜蜂在1 000、2 000 m处的回归率均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组10和20日龄工蜂的GluRA相对表达量显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅱ组工蜂的GluRA相对表达量也显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组10和20日龄工蜂的Nmdar1相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组10日龄工蜂的Tyr1相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组刚出房工蜂的GluRA、Nmdar1、Tyr1以及20日龄工蜂的Tyr1相对表达量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出,饲粮蛋白质水平过低会影响意大利蜜蜂的归巢能力及记忆相关基因的表达。

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of dietary protein level on homing capability and memory related gene expression of Apis mellifera ligustica. Nine colonies of local Apis mellifera ligustica with equal colony population were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group. Bees in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed diets containing 15%, 25%, 35% protein, respectively. In this study, the homing rate of foragers in the 1 and 2 km away after feeding 45 days and the expression levels of three memory related genes [glutamate receptor type A gene (GluRA), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor type 1 gene(Nmdar1) and tyramine receptor type 1 gene (Tyr1)] in different day-old (newly emerged, 10-day-old and 20-day-old) worker bees were detected. The results showed that the homing rates in the 1 and 2 km away in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). The expression level of GluRA of 10-day-old and 20-day-old worker bees in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05), and that in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The expression level of Nmdar1 of 10-day-old and 20-day-old worker bees in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). The expression level of Tyr1 of 10-day-old worker bees in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Besides that, there were no significant differences in the expression levels of GluRA, Nmdar1 and Tyr1 of newly emerged worker bees among the three groups (P>0.05), and the expression level of Tyr1 of 10-day-old worker bees among the three groups also had no significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, the lower level of protein in the diet may infect the homing ability and the expression of memory related genes of Apis mellifera ligustica.