动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 5: 1394 - 1401

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.05.015

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

氯化铵对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血尿代谢的影响

  • 王坤 ,
  • 赵圃毅 ,
  • 刘威 ,
  • 卜登攀 ,
  • 刘士杰 ,
  • 张开展
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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 中国农业科学院-世界农用林业中心, 农用林业与可持续畜牧业联合实验室, 北京 100081;
    3. 东北农业大学, 食品安全与营养协同创新中心, 哈尔滨 150030;
    4. 中国饲料工业协会, 北京 100125;
    5. 北京中地种畜有限公司, 北京 100028

收稿日期: 2015-12-17

  网络出版日期: 2016-05-24

基金资助

十二五科技支撑(2012BAD12B02-5);农产品质量安全监管(饲料)项目"反刍动物饲料安全评价";中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)

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Effects of Ammonium Chloride on Performance, Serum and Urine Metabolism of Lactating Cows

  • WANG Kun ,
  • ZHAO Puyi ,
  • LIU Wei ,
  • BU Dengpan ,
  • LIU Shijie ,
  • ZHANG Kaizhan
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100081, China;
    3. Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin 150030, China;
    4. China Feed Industry Association, Beijing 100125, China;
    5. Beijing Sino Farm Co., Ltd., Beijing 100128, China

Received date: 2015-12-17

  Online published: 2016-05-24

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摘要

本试验通过探究饲粮添加不同水平的氯化铵对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血尿代谢的影响,旨在确定氯化铵在泌乳奶牛饲粮中的适宜添加量。采用完全随机设计,将48头泌乳日龄、体重、胎次及产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组12头,各组氯化铵添加量分别为每头牛0(对照)、150、300和450 g/d。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)干物质采食量(P=0.012)和产奶量(P=0.008)随氯化铵添加量的增加线性降低,300 g/d组和450 g/d组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);乳脂率和乳糖率未受氯化铵添加的影响(P>0.05),乳蛋白率有线性升高的趋势(P=0.094)。2)随氯化铵添加量的增加,尿液pH呈二次曲线降低(P=0.012),且300 g/d组和450 g/d组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);血清的氯离子(P=0.002),尿液的氯离子(P=0.004)、钙离子(P<0.001)、磷离子(P=0.017)及镁离子(P=0.048)浓度均随氯化铵添加量的增加线性升高。3)血清尿素浓度随氯化铵添加量的增加线性升高(P=0.018),300 g/d组和450 g/d组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳奶牛饲粮中氯化铵添加量不能超过300 g/d,推荐剂量为150 g/d。

关键词： 奶牛; 氯化铵; 生产性能; 血尿代谢

本文引用格式

王坤 , 赵圃毅 , 刘威 , 卜登攀 , 刘士杰 , 张开展 . 氯化铵对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血尿代谢的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(5) : 1394 -1401 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.05.015

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of ammonium chloride on performance, serum and urine metabolism of lactating cows to determine the optimal supplemental level for lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein dairy cows, similarly in days in milk, body weight, milk yield and parity, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups with 12 cows according to a completely randomized design. The supplemental level of ammonium chloride was 0(control), 150, 300 and 450 g/d, respectively. The pre-trial lasted for 14 days and the trial lasted 56 days. The results showed as follows:1) dry matter intake (P=0.012) and milk yield (P=0.008) decreased linearly as the supplemental level of ammonium chloride increased, and 300 and 450 g/d groups were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05); no significant effects were observed on milk fat percentage and lactose percentage (P>0.05), while milk protein percentage tended to be linearly increased (P=0.094). 2) Urine pH decreased quadratically as ammonium chloride supplemental level increased (P=0.012), and 300 and 450 g/d groups were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05); the concentrations of serum Cl- (P=0.002) and urine Cl- (P=0.004), Ca2+ (P<0.001), P5+ (P=0.017) and Mg2+ (P=0.048) increased linearly as the supplemental level of ammonium chloride increased. 3) Serum urea concentration increased linearly as ammonium chloride supplemental level increased (P=0.018), and 300 and 450 g/d groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, ammonium chloride supplemental level of lactating dairy cows should not exceed 300 g/d, and a more appropriate supplemental level is 150 g/d.

Key words： lactating cow; ammonium chloride; performance; serum and urine metabolism

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