本试验旨在研究高、低营养水平饲粮对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和体成分的影响,并探讨其生化机制。选用首次妊娠的环江香猪48头,根据体重随机分为2组,每组8个重复(栏),每重复3头。配种后分别饲喂NRC饲粮[消化能(DE)为14.73 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质(CP)含量为13.11%]和地方猪饲粮(DE为12.24 MJ/kg,CP含量为9.77%)。分别于配种后45、75和110 d称取母猪体重,每栏选取1头母猪,前腔静脉采血用于生化参数分析,放血处死后解剖,记录胎猪头数,称取胎猪个体重,并测定母体成分。结果表明:与地方猪饲粮组相比,NRC饲粮组母猪的繁殖性能和体成分指标差异均不显著(P>0.05),妊娠45和75 d时血浆谷丙转氨酶以及妊娠75 d时谷草转氨酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),妊娠45 d时低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇浓度,妊娠75 d时碱性磷酸酶活性、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇和总胆固醇浓度以及整个妊娠期甘油三酯浓度均显著升高(P<0.05);在不同妊娠期,2种饲粮对各测定指标的影响有一定差异。由此可见,2种饲粮对环江香猪的繁殖性能和体成分均无显著影响;NRC饲粮在一定程度上改善了机体代谢,促进了生长发育,但同时增加了脂肪沉积。

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of high-or low-nutrient level diets on the reproductive performance and body composition of pregnant sows, and explore its biochemical mechanisms. A total of 48 primiparous Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to the body weight, and reared in 8 pens (replicates) with 3 mini-pigs per pen. After mating, the animals were fed NRC diet (DE 14.73 MJ/kg, CP 13.11%) or local-pig diet (DE 12.24 MJ/kg, CP 9.77%), respectively. At 45, 75 and 110 d after mating, the sows were weighted, respectively. Blood samples from 1 sow per pen were collected by cranial vena cava for analyzing biochemical parameters. After sacrificed by bloodletting, the sows were dissected. The fetus number was recorded, and the fetus weight and body composition of sows were determined. The results showed that compared with the local-pig diet group, the reproductive performance and body composition of sows in NRC diet group were not significantly different (P>0.05); the plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity at 45 and 75 d of gestation and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity at 75 d of gestation in NRC diet group were significantly lower (P<0.05); the plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 45 d, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) at 75 d, triglyceride (TG) during 45 to 110 d, as well as the plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of at 75 d of gestation in NRC diet group were significantly higher (P<0.05). In different pregnant periods, two diets presented different effects on the above-mentioned indices. These findings suggest that these two diets have no significant influences on the reproductive performance and body composition of pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs; the NRC diet improves nutrient metabolism and promotes the growth and development, but presents adverse increasing fat deposition in body.