热应激条件下粗饲料组合对奶牛氮素利用的影响

郭江; 王加启; 高胜涛; 权素玉; 卜登攀

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.06.009

动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 6: 1696 - 1703

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.06.009

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

热应激条件下粗饲料组合对奶牛氮素利用的影响

郭江 ,
王加启 ,
高胜涛 ,
权素玉 ,
卜登攀

展开

1. 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 长沙 410128;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
3. 中国农业科学院与世界农用林业中心, 农用林业与可持续畜牧业联合实验室, 北京 100193;
4. 东北农业大学食品安全与营养协同创新中心, 哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期: 2015-12-18

网络出版日期: 2016-06-27

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31372341);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD12B02-05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)

收起

Effects of Forage Combinations on Nitrogen Efficiency of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress

GUO Jiang ,
WANG Jiaqi ,
GAO Shengtao ,
QUAN Suyu ,
BU Dengpan

Expand

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, CAAS-ICRAF, Beijing 100193, China;
4. Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Received date: 2015-12-18

Online published: 2016-06-27

Fold

摘要

为了研究粗饲料组合对热应激奶牛氮素利用的影响,试验选取20头胎次和泌乳天数相似的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成2组,每组10头,分别饲喂2种粗饲料组合饲粮:玉米青贮+苜蓿(0.92: 1.00,AF组)和玉米秸秆(CS组)。2组饲粮精料相同,精粗比均为63.7: 36.3。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)与CS组相比,AF组奶牛产奶量及能量校正乳、4%脂肪校正乳、乳蛋白和乳糖产量显著或极显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。2)奶牛对AF组饲粮粗蛋白质表观消化率极显著高于CS组(P<0.01)。3)与CS组相比,AF组瘤胃微生物蛋白产量显著升高(P<0.05),而尿液和血液尿素氮浓度极显著降低(P<0.01)。4)与CS组相比,AF组氮摄入量和乳中氮产量极显著升高(P<0.01),但氮转化效率显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示,与玉米秸秆相比,玉米青贮+苜蓿的组合能提高饲粮粗蛋白质水平,增加热应激奶牛粗蛋白质表观消化率,促进瘤胃微生物蛋白和乳蛋白的合成,但氮的转化效率有待提高。

关键词： 热应激; 粗饲料; 微生物蛋白; 表观消化率; 氮转化效率

本文引用格式

郭江 , 王加启 , 高胜涛 , 权素玉 , 卜登攀 . 热应激条件下粗饲料组合对奶牛氮素利用的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(6) : 1696 -1703 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.06.009

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of forage combinations on nitrogen efficiency of heat-stressed cows, twenty healthy Holstein cows with similar parities and days in milk were randomly divided into two groups with ten cows per group. Cows were fed diets with two forage combinations [corn silage+alfalfa hay (0.92: 1.00, AF group) and corn straw (CS group)], but with the same concentrate and the same concentrate to forage ratio (63.7: 36.3). The pretest lasted for 1 week, and the test lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with CS group, cows in AF group had significantly higher milk, energy-corrected milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, milk protein and lactose yield (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Cows showed significantly higher crude protein (CP) apparent digestibility in AF group diet than that in CS group diet (P<0.01). 3) Ruminal microbial protein yield in AF group was significantly higher than that in CS group (P<0.05), however, urine and blood urea nitrogen concentration were significantly lower in AF group (P<0.01). 4) Compared with CS group, cows in AF group had significantly higher nitrogen intake and milk nitrogen yield (P<0.01), however, had significantly lower nitrogen conversion rate (P<0.05). These results indicate that compared with corn straw, the combination of alfalfa hay and corn silage can increase dietary CP level, increase CP apparent digestibility, and improve microbial protein and milk protein synthesis of heat-stressed dairy cow, however, nitrogen efficiency needs to improve.

Key words： heat stress; forage; microbial protein; apparent digestibility; nitrogen efficiency

参考文献

[1] WHEELOCK J B,RHOADS R P,VANBAALE M J,et al.Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(2):644-655.

[2] 程建波,王伟宇,郑楠,等.自然生产条件下热应激周期变化揭示泌乳中期奶牛出现"热应激乳蛋白降低征"[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(10):73-84.
[3] BERNABUCCI U,BASIRICÕ L,MORERA P,et al.Effect of summer season on milk protein fractions in Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(3):1815-1827.

[4] COWLEY F C,BARBER D G,HOULIHAN A V,et al.Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(4):2356-2368.

[5] TAMMINGA S.Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(1):345-357.

[6] 夏科,王志博,郗伟斌,等.粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):681-688.
[7] REN Q C,JIN X,ZHANG Z H,et al.Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre to protein ratio on duodenal microbial nitrogen flow and nitrogen losses in lactating cows fed high-concentrate total mixed rations with different forage combinations[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,153(4):753-764.

[8] BHANDARI S K,OMINSKI K H,WITTENBERG K M,et al.Effects of chop length of alfalfa and corn silage on milk production and rumen fermentation of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2355-2366.

[9] AOAC.Official methods of analysis of AOAC international[M].17th ed.Arlington,V.A.:AOAC,2000.
[10] VANKEULEN J,YOUNG B A.Evaluation of acid-insoluble Ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1977,44:282-287.
[11] FAO/IAEA.Estimation of rumen microbial protein production from purine derivatives in urine[S].Vienna:IAE,1997.
[12] CHEN X B,GOMES M J.Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives-an overview of the technical details[M]//International feed resources unit.Aberdeen:Rowett Research Institute,1992.
[13] VALADARES R F D,BRODERICK G A,VALADARES FILHO S C,et al.Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(12):2686-2696.

[14] ARMSTRONG D V.Heat stress interaction with shade and cooling[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(7):2044-2050.

[15] BERMAN A,FOLMAN Y,KAIM M,et al.Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a subtropical climate[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1985,68(6):1488-1495.

[16] WEST J W.Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2131-2144.

[17] BAUMGARD L H,ABUAJAMIEH M K,STOAKES S K,et al.Feeding and managing cows to minimize heat stress[C]//Proceedings of the 23rd tri-state dairy nutrition conference.Fort Wayne:Ohio State University,2014:61-74.
[18] 王金合,李爱国,赵咏梅.不同粗饲料对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].当代畜牧,2010(8):32-33.
[19] GRINGS E E,ROFFLER R E,DEITEHOFF D P.Response of dairy cows in early lactation to additions of cottonseed meal in Alfalfa-based diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(8):2580-2587.

[20] 陈俊阳,董文,窦志斌,等.季节变化对奶牛日粮营养物质消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(13):46-47,56.
[21] 温雅俐,杜瑞平,高民,等.热应激对奶牛采食、消化和生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(15):85-89.
[22] 周汉林,莫放,李琼,等.日粮不同蛋白水平对生长牛营养物质消化率的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(1):82-86.
[23] 陈艳,张晓明,王之盛,等.6种肉牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2145-2154.
[24] 赵勐,王加启,朱丹,等.饲粮碳水化合物组成对奶牛氮利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2405-2413.
[25] WANG C,LIU J X,YUAN Z P,et al.Effect of level of metabolizable protein on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):2960-2965.

[26] WRIGHT T C,MOSCARDINI S,LUIMES P H,et al.Effects of rumen-undegradable protein and feed intake on nitrogen balance and milk protein production in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(3):784-793.

[27] MULLIGAN F J,DILLON P,CALLAN J J,et al.Supplementary concentrate type affects nitrogen excretion of grazing dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(10):3451-3460.

Options

文章导航

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们