动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 7: 2069 - 2078

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.07.011

水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

饲料不同糖脂比对鲤鱼生长、体成分及消化酶活性的影响

  • 曲木 ,
  • 李长娥 ,
  • 刘宏超 ,
  • 张宝龙 ,
  • 程镇燕 ,
  • 孙金辉 ,
  • 白东清 ,
  • 乔秀亭
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  • 1. 天津农学院水产学院, 天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室, 天津 300384;
    2. 天津市武清区畜牧水产业发展服务中心, 天津 301770;
    3. 天津市晨辉饲料有限公司, 天津 301800

收稿日期: 2016-01-06

  网络出版日期: 2016-07-28

基金资助

天津市科技支撑计划项目（13ZCZDNC00900）；天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划（14JCQNJC15100）；天津市高等学校创新团队（TD12-5018）；天津市高等学校“领军人才培养计划”

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Effects of Different Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Lipid Ratios on Growth, Body Composition and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpoio)

  • QU Mu ,
  • LI Chang'e ,
  • LIU Hongchao ,
  • ZHANG Baolong ,
  • CHENG Zhenyan ,
  • SUN Jinhui ,
  • BAI Dongqing ,
  • QIAO Xiuting
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  • 1. College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin 300384, China;
    2. Animal Husbandry and Fishery Service Center, Tianjin 301770;
    3. Tianjin Chenhui Feed Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301800, China

Received date: 2016-01-06

  Online published: 2016-07-28

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲料不同糖脂比对鲤鱼生长、体成分及消化酶活性的影响。选取平均体重为（44.45±1.60） g的鲤鱼1 050尾，随机分成5组（每组3个重复，每个重复70尾），分别饲喂糖脂比为5.2、6.8、9.6、15.0、27.7的饲料，进行为期63 d的摄食生长试验。结果表明：1）摄食糖脂比为6.8的饲料的鲤鱼增重率和特定生长率最高，显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。饲料糖脂比为27.7时饲料系数显著高于饲料糖脂比为5.2～15.0时（P<0.05），且饲料系数以糖脂比为6.8时最低。糖脂比为27.7的组的蛋白质效率显著低于其他各组（P<0.05），但其肥满度显著高于糖脂比为6.8的组（P<0.05）。2）全鱼和背肌粗脂肪含量均以糖脂比为5.2及27.7的组较高，显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；背肌粗灰分含量除糖脂比为15.0的组显著低于糖脂比为5.2的组（P<0.05）外，其他各组间差异并不显著（P>0.05）。3）血清总胆固醇含量随饲料糖脂比的升高而呈先下降后上升趋势，并在糖脂比为15.0时达到最低值，且显著低于糖脂比为5.2、27.7时（P<0.05），而血清甘油三酯含量则在糖脂比为6.8的组有最高值，且显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。血清葡萄糖含量在糖脂比为27.7的组有最高值，且显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。肝糖原含量在糖脂比为27.7的组有最高值，且显著高于除糖脂比为15.0的组外的其他各组（P<0.05）。4）肝胰脏、中肠蛋白酶活性在糖脂比为6.8的组达到最高值，且显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；在糖脂比为15.0时，前肠蛋白酶活性较其他组显著降低（P<0.05）。肝胰脏、前肠淀粉酶活性均以糖脂比为15.0的组为最高；中肠淀粉酶活性随饲料糖脂比的升高有下降趋势，糖脂比为27.2的组显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；而后肠淀粉酶活性以糖脂比为15.0的组为最低，显著低于除糖脂比为9.6的组外的其他各组（P<0.05）。各组织脂肪酶活性变化趋势相似，均随饲料糖脂比的升高而呈先上升后下降趋势，最高值均出现在饲料糖脂比为15.0时。综合考虑生长、体成分、血清生化指标、消化酶活性，鲤鱼饲料中适宜的糖脂比为6.8～15.0。

关键词： 鲤鱼; 糖脂比; 生长性能; 体成分; 消化酶活性

本文引用格式

曲木 , 李长娥 , 刘宏超 , 张宝龙 , 程镇燕 , 孙金辉 , 白东清 , 乔秀亭 . 饲料不同糖脂比对鲤鱼生长、体成分及消化酶活性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(7) : 2069 -2078 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.07.011

Abstract

This study determined the effects of different dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpoio). Common carp with the average body weight of (44.45±1.60) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 70 fish in each replicate. The fish in those groups were fed 5 different experimental diets with the carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios of 5.2, 6.8, 9.6, 15.0 and 27.7, respectively. The growth experiment lasted for 63 d. The results showed as follows: 1) the maximum weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and the minimum feed conversion rate (FCR) were observed in common carp fed the diet with 6.8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio, and the WGR and SGR in 6.8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), while the FCR in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group was significantly higher than that in 5.2 to 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio groups (P<0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05), but the condition factor (CF) was significantly higher than that in 6.8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group (P<0.05). 2) The crude lipid content of whole body and dorsal muscle in 5.2 and 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio groups was higher, and significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05); the ash content of dorsal muscle in 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group had the lowest value, and significantly lower than that in 5.2 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences among other groups (P>0.05). 3) With the increase of diary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio, serum total cholesterol content was firstly decreased and then increased, and the lowest value was found in 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group which was significantly higher than that in 5.2 and 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio groups (P<0.05); the highest serum triglyceride content was found in 6.8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group, and significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05); the highest serum glucose content was found in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group, and significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05); the highest liver glycogen content was found in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group, and significantly higher than that in other groups except 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group (P<0.05). 4) The highest hepatopancreas and midgut protease activities were found in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group, and significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05); when dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio was 15.0, the foregut protease activity was significantly decreased compared with other groups (P<0.05). The highest hepatopancreas and foregut amylase activities were found in 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group; the midgut amylase activity reduced with the dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio increasing, and the 27.2 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05); the hindgut amylase activity in 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group had the lowest value, and significantly lower than that in other groups except 9.6 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group (P<0.05). Lipase activity in all organizations showed the same trend, which raised first and then went down and got the highest values at 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio. Considered the growth, body composition, serum biochemical indices and digestive enzyme activities, the optimal dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio of common carp is 6.8 to 15.0.

Key words： common carp (Cyprinus carpoio); carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio; growth performance; body composition; digestive enzyme activities

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