野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质的比较分析

于久翔; 高小强; 韩岑; 范瑞; 韩雨哲; 姜志强

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.09.039

动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 9: 2987 - 2997

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.09.039

研究简报 Short communications

野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质的比较分析

于久翔 ,
高小强 ,
韩岑 ,
范瑞 ,
韩雨哲 ,
姜志强

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1. 大连海洋大学, 辽宁省北方鱼类应用生物学与增养殖重点实验室, 大连 116023;
2. 中国水产科学院黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 青岛市海水鱼类种子工程与生物技术重点实验室, 青岛 266071

收稿日期: 2016-03-24

网络出版日期: 2016-09-08

基金资助

红鳍东方鲀健康养殖技术研究与示范；辽宁省科技厅重大项目（2014203015）

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Comparative Analysis on Nutritional Quality between Wild and Cultured Takifugu rubripes

YU Jiuxiang ,
GAO Xiaoqiang ,
HAN Cen ,
FAN Rui ,
HAN Yuzhe ,
JIANG Zhiqiang

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1. Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Received date: 2016-03-24

Online published: 2016-09-08

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摘要

本试验对野生1龄、养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀的一般营养成分及肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成进行测定，旨在比较野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀的营养品质。试验选取野生1龄红鳍东方鲀15尾（体重71～139 g、体长13.4～18.9 cm）、养殖1龄红鳍东方鲀（投喂冰鲜杂鱼）13尾（体重90～147 g、体长14.8～20.4 cm）、养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀（投喂冰鲜杂鱼）10尾（体重578～639 g、体长31.3～36.7 cm）作为样本。采用国家标准方法测定组织中的一般营养成分及肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成，并对肌肉营养品质进行分析。结果表明：全鱼粗蛋白质含量以野生1龄红鳍东方鲀最高，为68.07%，比养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀分别高出了32.3%、20.6%（P<0.05），而全鱼粗脂肪含量则为养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀显著高于野生1龄红鳍东方鲀（P<0.05）；养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于野生1龄和养殖1龄红鳍东方鲀（P<0.05），各样本间肌肉粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著（P>0.05）；各样本的肝脏粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量变化较大，粗蛋白质含量按照野生1龄、养殖1龄、养殖2龄的顺序依次显著降低（P<0.05），而粗脂肪含量则呈现与粗蛋白质相反的变化。野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀肌肉中均检测出18种氨基酸，而且在含量上养殖红鳍东方鲀大多数均显著高于野生红鳍东方鲀（P<0.05）。根据氨基酸评分（ASS）和化学评分（CS），红鳍东方鲀肌肉中赖氨酸的含量相对较为丰富，且养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）最高，其次为养殖1龄红鳍东方鲀，最后为野生1龄红鳍东方鲀。野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀肌肉中共检测出19种脂肪酸，且野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀脂肪酸组成相似，野生1龄、养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀肌肉中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量差异不大（P>0.05），多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量则以养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀最高，为51.54%，但是各样本间差异不显著（P>0.05）；肌肉中C20：5n-3（EPA）和C22：6n-3（DHA）含量均较丰富，其中养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀DHA的含量分别比野生1龄红鳍东方鲀高出了24.7%、27.2%（P<0.05），而且养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀EPA+DHA的含量也显著高于野生1龄红鳍东方鲀（P<0.05）。由此可知，红鳍东方鲀营养组成合理，且养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质优于野生红鳍东方鲀。

关键词： 红鳍东方鲀; 氨基酸; 脂肪酸; 营养品质; 评价

本文引用格式

于久翔 , 高小强 , 韩岑 , 范瑞 , 韩雨哲 , 姜志强 . 野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质的比较分析[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(9) : 2987 -2997 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.09.039

Abstract

In order to compare the nutritional quality between wild and cultured Takifugu rubripes, the common nutritional components, the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle of one-year old wild, one-year old cultured and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes were measured. There were 15 one-year old wild Takifugu rubripes (fed with iced trash fish) with the body weight of 71 to 139 g and body length of 13.4 to 18.9 cm, 13 one-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes (fed with iced trash fish) with the body weight of 90 to 147 g and body length of 14.8 to 20.4 cm, and 10 two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes with the body weight of 578 to 639 g and body length of 31.3 to 36.7 cm were selected as samples. The common nutritional components in tissue, and the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle of Takifugu rubripes were determined by adopting national standard methods. The results showed that crude protein content in whole body of one-year old wild Takifugu rubripes was the highest, which was 68.07%, and it was increased by 32.3% and 20.6% compared with one-year and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes, respectively (P<0.05), while crude lipid content in whole body of one-year and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes was significantly higher than that of one-year old wild Takifugu rubripes (P<0.05). Crude protein content in muscle of two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes was significantly higher than that of one-year old wild and one-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes (P<0.05), while crude lipid and ash contents in muscle were no significant differences among three samples (P>0.05). Crude protein and crude lipid contents in liver had great changes, and crude protein content was significant descended from one-year old wild to one-year and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes (P<0.05), but crude lipid content showed the opposite tendency. Both wild and cultured Takifugu rubripes had 18 kinds of amino acids, and the contents of most amino acids in muscle of cultured Takifugu rubripes were significantly higher than those of wild Takifugu rubripes. According to amino acid score (ASS) and chemical score (CS), the lysine content in muscle of wild and cultured Takifugu rubripes was relative richer, and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes exhibited a highest essential amino acid index (EAAI), the second was one-year old cultured fish, and the last was one-year old wild Takifugu rubripes. There were 19 kinds of fatty acids were detected in muscle of wild and cultured Takifugu rubripes, and the fatty acid composition in muscle of wild Takifugu rubripes were similar to cultured Takifugu rubripes. The content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was no significant difference among three samples (P>0.05). The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle of two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes was the highest and it was 51.54%, but there was no significant difference among three samples (P>0.05). The contents of C20: 5n-3 (EPA) and C22: 6n-3 (DHA) in muscle were more abundant. Compared with one-year old wild Takifugu rubripes, the content of DHA in muscle of one-year and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes was increased by 24.7% and 27.2%, respectively (P<0.05). The content of EPA+DHA in muscle of one-year and two-year old cultured Takifugu rubripes was significantly higher than that of one-year old wild Takifugu rubripes (P<0.05). In conclusion, the nutritional composition of Takifugu rubripes is reasonable; moreover, the nutritional quality of cultured Takifugu rubripes is better than that of wild Takifugu rubripes.

Key words： Takifugu rubripes; amino acids; fatty acids; nutritional quality; evaluation

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