饲料亚麻酸含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响

王成强; 徐后国; 梁萌青; 郑珂珂; 柳茜

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.10.014

动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 10: 3123 - 3133

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.10.014

水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

饲料亚麻酸含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响

王成强 ,
徐后国 ,
梁萌青 ,
郑珂珂 ,
柳茜

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1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 青岛 266071;
2. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306

收稿日期: 2016-04-11

网络出版日期: 2016-10-17

基金资助

农业公益性行业专项（201003200）；中国博士后科学基金第八批特别资助项目（2015T80763）

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Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Content on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Indices and Serum Biochemical Indices of Large Size Japanese Seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus)

WANG Chengqiang ,
XU Houguo ,
LIANG Mengqing ,
ZHENG Keke ,
LIU Xi

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1. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received date: 2016-04-11

Online published: 2016-10-17

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摘要

本试验旨在探讨饲料亚麻酸（ALA）含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响，以确定大规格鲈鱼饲料中ALA的适宜含量。通过在基础饲料中添加苏子油，制成ALA含量分别为饲料干重0.06%、0.99%、2.03%、3.18%、4.12%和5.08%的6种等氮等脂的试验饲料。将上述试验饲料投喂初始体重为（207.77±0.64）g的鲈鱼，每种饲料设3个重复，每个重复放养20尾鱼，养殖周期为12周。结果表明：1）特定生长率（SGR）和饲料效率（FE）随饲料ALA含量的升高均呈先升高后降低的趋势，且SGR和FE均在2.03% ALA组有最大值，同时2.03%与3.18% ALA组的SGR和FE差异不显著（P>0.05）；肝体指数（HSI）与脏体指数（VSI）均在5.08% ALA组达到最大值，且显著高于0.06% ALA组（P<0.05）；存活率（SR）和肥满度（CF）在各组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）随着饲料中ALA含量的升高，鱼体粗蛋白质含量表现为逐渐下降的趋势，粗脂肪含量呈现增加趋势，4.12%和5.08% ALA组鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于0.06% ALA组（P<0.05），而4.12%和5.08% ALA组鱼体粗脂肪含量则显著高于0.06%、0.99%、2.03%、3.18% ALA组（P<0.05）；不同组之间鱼体的水分与粗灰分含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）2.03% ALA组血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与3.18% ALA组无显著差异（P>0.05），但显著高于0.06%与5.08% ALA组（P<0.05）。2.03%、3.18% ALA组血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于0.06%和5.08% ALA组（P<0.05）；同时，肝脏中MDA含量在2.03% ALA组达到最低，除与3.18% ALA组无显著差异（P>0.05）外，显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。4）血清中谷草转氨酶（GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性均在2.03% ALA组最低，且显著低于0.06%与5.08% ALA组（P<0.05）；血清中甘油三酯（TG）和胆固醇（CHOL）含量在4.12% ALA组有最大值，且显著高于0.06% ALA组（P<0.05）；随着饲料中ALA含量的升高，血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量呈先升高后降低趋势，2.03%、3.18%、4.12% ALA组显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲料中适宜含量（2.03%~3.18%）的ALA能够促进大规格鲈鱼的生长，提高抗氧化能力与肝脏健康水平；以SGR与FE作为评价指标，经二次曲线回归分析得出体重为207.77~406.94 g的鲈鱼饲料中ALA的适宜含量分别为饲料干重的2.53%和2.72%。

关键词： 大规格鲈鱼; 亚麻酸; 生长性能; 血清生化指标; 抗氧化能力

本文引用格式

王成强 , 徐后国 , 梁萌青 , 郑珂珂 , 柳茜 . 饲料亚麻酸含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(10) : 3123 -3133 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.10.014

Abstract

A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) content on growth performance, antioxidant indices and serum biochemical indices of large size Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus), in order to get the optimal dietary ALA content for large size Japanese seabass. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with dietary ALA content of 0.06%, 0.99%, 2.03%, 3.18%, 4.12% and 5.08% dry weight by adding perilla oil in a basal diet, respectively. Japanese seabass with the initial body weight of (207.77±0.64) g were fed experimental diets, and each diet had 3 replicates with 20 fish in each replicate. The results showed as follows:1) the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) increased at first and then decreased with the increase of dietary ALA content, and reached their peaks at the 2.03% ALA group, but no significant differences were found in SGR and FE between 2.03% and 3.18% ALA groups (P>0.05). The highest values of hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerasomatic index (VSI) were found in 5.08% ALA group, and significantly higher than those in 0.06% ALA group (P<0.05). 2) The body ether extract content increased with increase of dietary ALA content, while the body crude protein content increased at first and then decreased with the increase of dietary ALA content. The body crude protein content in 4.12% and 5.08% ALA groups was significantly lower than that in 0.06% ALA group (P<0.05), while the body ether extract content in 4.12% and 5.08% ALA groups was significantly higher than that in 0.06%, 0.99%, 2.03% and 3.18% ALA groups (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in body moisture and ash contents among groups (P>0.05). 3) The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and liver in 2.03% ALA group had no significant difference compared with 3.18% ALA group (P>0.05), but significantly higher than that in 0.06% and 5.08% ALA groups (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum in 2.03% and 3.18% ALA groups was significantly lower than that in 0.06% and 5.08% ALA groups (P<0.05), and the MDA content in liver in 2.03% ALA group was the lowest, which significantly lower than that in other groups except 3.18% ALA group (P<0.05). 4) The activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum in 2.03% ALA group was the lowest, which significantly lower than those in 0.06% and 5.08% ALA groups (P<0.05). The contents of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) in serum reached their peaks in 4.12% ALA group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than those in 0.06% ALA group (P<0.05). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in serum firstly increased and then showed a declining tendency with the increase of dietary ALA content, and that in 2.03%, 3.18% and 4.12% ALA groups was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). These results indicate that optimal dietary ALA content can improve the growth of large size Japanese seabass, and increase the antioxidant ability and liver health level. The broken-line model analysis based on SGR and FE as evaluation indices indicate that the optimal dietary ALA content is 2.53% and 2.72% dry weight of diet for Japanese seabass (body weight:207.77 to 406.94 g), respectively.

Key words： large size Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus); α-linolenic acid; growth performance; serum biochemical indices; antioxidant ability

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