动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 10: 3225 - 3237

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.10.026

研究简报 Short Communications

不同类型饲粮和添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道结构和功能的影响

  • 廖瑞波 ,
  • 闫海洁 ,
  • 刘国华 ,
  • 张姝 ,
  • 常文环 ,
  • 黄向阳 ,
  • 刘伟 ,
  • 常银莲 ,
  • 蔡辉益
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  • 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点开放实验室, 北京 100081

收稿日期: 2016-04-08

  网络出版日期: 2016-10-17

基金资助

国家肉仔鸡产业技术体系（CARS-42）

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Effects of Different Types of Diets and Additives on Growth Performance, Gut Structure and Functions of Broilers

  • LIAO Ruibo ,
  • YAN Haijie ,
  • LIU Guohua ,
  • ZHANG Shu ,
  • CHANG Wenhuan ,
  • HUANG Xiangyang ,
  • LIU Wei ,
  • CHANG Yinlian ,
  • CAI Huiyi
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  • Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2016-04-08

  Online published: 2016-10-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同类型饲粮和添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道结构和功能的影响。试验采用4×3两因子完全随机设计，4种饲粮分别为抗生素饲粮、无抗生素饲粮、低蛋白质饲粮和大麦饲粮，3种添加剂分别为酵母培养物（XPC）、谷氨酰胺（Gln）和大豆异黄酮（ISF）。试验选用1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡792只，随机分为12组，每组6个重复，每个重复11只鸡。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）不同类型饲粮分别添加XPC、Gln和ISF对42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）、料重比（F/G）及体重（BW）的影响无显著差异（P>0.05）；但对饲粮类型而言，与其他3种饲粮相比，低蛋白质饲粮使肉仔鸡的BW、ADG和ADFI显著降低（P<0.05），F/G显著提高（P<0.05）；抗生素饲粮显著降低肉仔鸡的F/G（P<0.05）。饲粮类型与添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著的互作效应（P>0.05）。2）与添加Gln相比，抗生素饲粮中添加ISF显著改善19日龄肉仔鸡回肠形态（P<0.05）；低蛋白质饲粮中添加XPC与添加其他2种添加剂相比对肉仔鸡回肠形态有显著改善作用（P<0.05）；与添加XPC相比，大麦饲粮中添加ISF显著改善19日龄肉仔鸡回肠形态（P<0.05）。除35日龄肉仔鸡回肠隐窝深度外，饲粮类型与添加剂对回肠形态存在显著的互作效应（P<0.05）。3）大麦饲粮中添加XPC比添加Gln和ISF显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡回肠干扰素-γ水平（P<0.05）；与添加ISF相比，抗生素饲粮中添加XPC可显著提高19日龄肉仔鸡回肠白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和免疫球蛋白A（IgA）水平（P<0.05），添加Gln可显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡回肠IgA水平（P<0.05）；低蛋白质饲粮中添加XPC比添加其他2种添加剂显著提高19日龄肉仔鸡回肠IgA水平（P<0.05）；无抗生素饲粮中添加ISF比添加XPC显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡回肠IL-10和IgA水平（P<0.05）；而大麦饲粮中添加ISF比添加XPC显著降低35日龄肉仔鸡回肠IL-10水平（P<0.05）。对于回肠IL-10和IgA水平，饲粮类型与添加剂之间存在显著互作效应（P<0.05）。4）抗生素饲粮中添加XPC比添加其他2种添加剂显著降低19日龄肉仔鸡粪便中氮和磷残留率（P<0.05）；无抗生素饲粮中添加XPC比添加其他2种添加剂显著提高19日龄肉仔鸡粪便中氮和磷残留率以及35日龄肉仔鸡粪便中磷残留率（P<0.05）；低蛋白质饲粮中添加XPC比添加Gln显著降低19日龄肉仔鸡粪便中氮残留率（P<0.05）；大麦饲粮中添加Gln比添加其他2种添加剂显著降低19日龄肉仔鸡粪便中氮和磷残留率（P<0.05）。对氮、磷残留率而言，饲粮类型与添加剂之间存在显著互作效应（P<0.05）。由此可见，4种类型饲粮中添加3种添加剂对1~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响；能氮比固定的低蛋白质饲粮降低了肉仔鸡的生长性能；低蛋白质饲粮中添加XPC可改善回肠形态结构；在不同类型饲粮中添加不同的添加剂具有改善肉仔鸡回肠免疫状态及降低粪便中氮磷残留率的趋势。

关键词： 肉仔鸡; 生长性能; 肠道; 饲粮类型; 添加剂

本文引用格式

廖瑞波 , 闫海洁 , 刘国华 , 张姝 , 常文环 , 黄向阳 , 刘伟 , 常银莲 , 蔡辉益 . 不同类型饲粮和添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道结构和功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(10) : 3225 -3237 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.10.026

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different types of diets and additives on growth performance, gut structure and functions of broilers. A 4×3 factorial randomized complete block design was used in this experiment. Four diets were antibiotic diet, none antibiotic diet, low protein diet and barely diet, and three additives were yeast culture (XPC), glutamine (Gln), and soybean isoflavone (ISF), respectively. A total of 792 one-day old Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 12 groups with 6 replicates of 11 birds each. The trial lasted for 42 d. The result demonstrated as follows:1) different diets supplemented with XPC, Gln and ISF did not significantly influence the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G) and body weight (BW) of 42-day-old broilers (P>0.05). However, for the diet types, compared with the other three diets, low protein diet significantly decreased the BW, ADG and ADFI (P<0.05), increased the F/G (P<0.05), and antibiotic diet significantly decreased the F/G of broilers (P<0.05). For the growth performance, there was no significant interaction between diet types and additives (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the addition of Gln, adding ISF in antibiotic diet significantly improved ileum morphology of 19-day-old broilers (P<0.05); adding XPC in low protein diet significantly improved the ileum morphology of broilers compared with adding the other two additives (P<0.05); compared with the addition of XPC, adding ISF in barely diet significantly improved the ileum morphology of 19-day-old broilers (P<0.05). For the ileum morphology, a significant interaction between diet types and additives was observed (P<0.05), except ileum crypt depth of broilers at 35 days of age. 3) Adding XPC in barely diet significantly increased ileum interferon-γ level of broilers at 35 days of age compared with adding Gln and ISF (P<0.05); compared with adding ISF, adding XPC in antibiotic diet significantly increased the levels of ileum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) of broilers at 19 days of age (P<0.05), while adding Gln significantly increased ileum IgA level of broilers at 35 days of age (P<0.05); low protein diet supplemented with XPC significantly increased the ileum IgA level of broilers at 19 days of age compared with adding the other two additives (P<0.05); adding ISF in none antibiotic diet significantly elevated the levels of ileum IL-10 and IgA of broilers at 35 days of age compared with adding XPC (P<0.05); barely diet with addition of ISF significantly increased ileum IL-10 level of broilers at 35 days of age compared with adding XPC (P<0.05). For the levels of ileum IL-10 and IgA, a significant interaction between diet types and additives was observed (P<0.05). 4) Adding XPC in antibiotic diet significantly decreased fecal nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) residual rates of broilers at 19 days of age compared with adding the other two additives (P<0.05); adding XPC in none antibiotic diet significantly increased fecal N and P residual rates of broilers at 19 days of age (P<0.05), and fecal P residual rate of broilers at 35 days of age compared with adding the other two additives (P<0.05); low protein diet supplemented with XPC significantly decreased fecal N residual rate of broilers at 19 days of age compared with adding Gln (P<0.05); barely diet supplemented with Gln significantly decreased fecal N and P residual rates of broilers at 19 days of age compared with adding the other two additives (P<0.05). For N and P residual rates, a significant interaction between diet types and additives was observed (P<0.05). In conclusion, four kinds of diets supplemented with three additives respectively do not significantly affect the growth performance of broilers aged from 1 to 42 days. However, low protein diet with consistent energy to protein ratio significantly decreases the growth performance of broilers, while low protein diet with addition of XPC can improve ileum morphology. And different additives added into different diets can improve the immune states in ileum, and decrease fecal N and P residual rates of broilers in some tendency.

Key words： broilers; growth performance; intestine; diet types; additives

参考文献

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