动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 11: 3642 - 3649

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.11.034

研究简报 Short Communications

酵母培养物、枯草芽孢杆菌和木瓜蛋白酶对保育猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和粪便微生物数量的影响

  • 张丽 ,
  • 丁宏标
展开
  • 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 北京 100081

收稿日期: 2016-04-21

  网络出版日期: 2016-11-18

基金资助

国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）（2013AA102801）；中国农科院科技创新工程；农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室开放课题

收起

Effects of Yeast Culture, Bacillus subtilis and Papain on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Fecal Microflora Number of Nursery Piglets

  • ZHANG Li ,
  • DING Hongbiao
Expand
  • Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2016-04-21

  Online published: 2016-11-18

Fold

摘要

为了探究从神曲（MMF）和酸面团中分离到的酿酒酵母的作用，本试验研究了新型的复合酵母培养物（YC）、枯草芽孢杆菌（BSK）、木瓜蛋白酶（PE）对保育猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和粪便微生物数量的影响。选择平均体重为（15.70±0.26）kg的断奶仔猪225头，随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复15头猪。对照（CT）组饲喂基础饲粮，YC组饲喂基础饲粮+5 g/kg YC，BSK组饲喂基础饲粮+2×1011 CFU/kg BSK，PE组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 g/kg PE，复合（YP）组饲喂基础饲粮+5 g/kg YC+0.3 g/kg PE。预试期5 d，正试期30 d。结果表明：1）YP组末重、平均日增重显著高于CT组（P<0.05），料重显著低于CT组（P<0.05）；YC组末重高于CT、BSK、PE组（P>0.05）。各组间平均日采食量无显著差异（P>0.05）。YC、PE和YP组的腹泻率均显著低于CT和BSK组（P<0.05）。2）YC、BSK、PE、YP组总能和干物质的表观消化率显著高于CT组（P<0.05），YC组粗蛋白质、磷的表观消化率显著低于YP组（P<0.05），YC组酸性洗涤纤维、钙的表观消化率显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。各组间有机物和粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）YC、YP组粪便乳酸菌数量和乳酸菌/大肠杆菌显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），粪便大肠杆菌数量显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。由此可知，新型YC可以改善仔猪生长性能和肠道生态环境，YC和PE的联用对仔猪生长也有积极作用。

关键词： 神曲; 酸面团; 酵母培养物; 枯草芽孢杆菌; 木瓜蛋白酶; 保育猪

本文引用格式

张丽 , 丁宏标 . 酵母培养物、枯草芽孢杆菌和木瓜蛋白酶对保育猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和粪便微生物数量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(11) : 3642 -3649 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.11.034

Abstract

For investigating the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae separated from massa medicata fermentata and sourdough, we studied the effects of newly developed composited yeast culture (YC), Bacillus subtilis (BSK) and papain (PE) on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and fecal microflora number of nursery piglets. A total of 225 weaner piglets with initial body weight of (15.70±0.26) kg were randomly allotted to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 15 piglets per replicate. The control (CT) group fed a basal diet, the YC groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg YC, the BSK group fed the basal diet supplemented with 2×1011 CFU/kg BSK, the PE group fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.3 g/kg PE, and the complex (YP) group fed the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg YC and 0.3 g/kg YP. The pretest period and test period lasted for 5 and 30 days, respectively. The results showed as follows:1) the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) of YP group were significantly higher than those of CT group (P<0.05), the feed to gain ratio (F/G) of YP group was significantly lower than that of CT group (P<0.05). The final weight of YC group was higher than that of CT, BSK and PE groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in average daily feed intake (ADFI) among all groups (P>0.05). The diarrhea rate of YC, PE and YP groups was significantly lower than that of CT and BSK groups (P<0.05). 2) The apparent digestibilities of gross energy (GE) and dry matter (DM) of YC, BSK, PE and YP groups were significantly higher than those of CT group (P<0.05), the apparent digestibilities of crude protein (CP) and phosphorus (P) of YC group were significantly lower than those of YP group (P<0.05), the apparent digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and calcium (Ca) of YC group were significantly lower than those of other groups (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and ether extract (EE) among all groups (P>0.05). 3) The fecal Escherichia coli number and Lactobacillus/Escherichia coli of YC and YP groups were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05), and the fecal Escherichia coli number was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the newly developed YC can improve the growth performance and intestinal micro-ecology environment of the piglets. The YC and PE combination can also improve the growth performance.

Key words： massa medicata fermentata; sourdough; yeast culture; Bacillus subtilis; papain; nursery piglets

参考文献

[1] HARRIS B,Jr,WEBB D W.The effect of feeding a concentrated yeast culture product to lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1990,73(Suppl.1):266.
[2] TRCKOVA M,FALDYNA M,ALEXA P,et al.The effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on postweaning diarrhea,immune response,and growth performance in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(2):767-774. 
[3] MARTIN S A,NISBET D J.Effect of direct-fed microbials on rumen microbial fermentation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(6):1736-1744. 
[4] CHAUCHEYRAS-DURAND F,WALKER N D,BACH A.Effects of active dry yeasts on the rumen microbial ecosystem:past,present and future[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):5-26.
[5] NEWBOLD C J,WALLACE R J,CHEN X B,et al.Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ in their effects on ruminal bacterial numbers in vitro and in sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(6):1811-1818. 
[6] WANG Y,CHO J H,CHEN Y J,et al.The effect of probiotic BioPlus 2B on growth performance,dry matter and nitrogen digestibility and slurry noxious gas emission in growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,120(1/2):35-42.
[7] LEE S H,INGALE S L,KIM J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 fermentation biomass on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,cecal microbiota and intestinal morphology of weanling pig[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,188:102-110.
[8] TSUKAHARA T,TSURUTA T,NAKANISHI N,et al.The preventive effect of Bacillus subtilus strain DB9011 against experimental infection with enterotoxcemic Escherichia coli in weaning piglets[J].Animal Science Journal,2013,84(4):316-321. 
[9] 吕世民,谭艾娟.木瓜蛋白酶对猪血粉蛋白的水解作用[J].贵州农业科学,2001,29(4):6-7.
[10] MATHEW A G,CHATTIN S E,ROBBINS C M,et al.Effects of a direct-fed yeast culture on enteric microbial populations,fermentation acids,and performance of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(8):2138-2145. 
[11] BONTEMPO V,DI GIANCAMILLO A,SAVOINI G,et al.Live yeast dietary supplementation acts upon intestinal morpho-functional aspects and growth in weanling piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,129(3/4):224-236.
[12] 刘国娟,刘大程,高民,等.复合酵母培养物的营养活性物质组学及其应用技术的研发[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(1):84-88.
[13] 李桉,郭雄全,李亚林.复合酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2012(10):27-29.
[14] VAN DER PEET-SCHWERING C M C,JANSMAN A J M,SMIDT H,et al.Effects of yeast culture on performance,gut integrity,and blood cell composition of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(11):3099-3109. 
[15] VAN HEUGTEN E,FUNDERBURKE D W,DORTON K L.Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and fecal microflora in weanling pigs fed live yeast[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):1004-1012. 
[16] ALEXOPOULOS C,GEORGOULAKIS I E,TZIVARA A,et al.Field evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores,on the health status and performance of sows and their litters[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2004,88(11/12):381-392.
[17] HU Y L,DUN Y H,LI S A,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on growth performance,diarrhea and faecal bacterial flora of weaned piglets[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(8):1131-1140. 
[18] 刘景环,玉永雄,周群,等.木瓜蛋白酶和苜蓿对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,2010,35(2):25-27.
[19] 宾石玉,盘仕忠.木瓜蛋白酶在生长猪日粮中的应用[J].粮食与饲料工业,1996(7):24-26.
[20] 洪梅毅.饲料中添加酶制剂对仔猪生产性能的影响[J].福建畜牧兽医,2003,25(2):28-29.
[21] 林谦.益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能影响的协同机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.桂林:广西师范大学,2012:20-24.
[22] LI D F,NELSSEN J L,REDDY P G,et al.Transient hypersensitivity to soybean meal in the early-weaned pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(6):1790-1799. 
[23] KAWAI M,SUZUKI S,ASANO M,et al.Characterization of 30-kDa fragments derived from β-conglycinin degradation process during germination and seedling growth of soybean[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,1997,61(5):794-799. 
[24] SHUTOV A D,RUDAKOVA A S,RUDAKOV S V,et al.Degradation of β-conglycinin β-homotrimer by papain:independent occurrence of limited and extensive proteolysis[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2013,77(10):2082-2086. 
[25] MEROTH C B,HAMMES W P,HERTEL C,et al.Identification and population dynamics of yeasts in sourdough fermentation processes by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(12):7453-7461. 
[26] HU J,YANG X D,XIA Q P,et al.Research on the microorganism in the traditional Chinese medicine‘Shenqu’[J].Journal of Mudanjiang Medical College,2004,25(2):19-20.
[27] PINLOCHE E,WILLIAMS M,D'INCA R,et al.Use of a colon simulation technique to assess the effect of live yeast on fermentation parameters and microbiota of the colon of pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(Suppl.4):353-355.
[28] SHEN Y B,PIAO X S,KIM S W,et al.Effects of yeast culture supplementation on growth performance,intestinal health,and immune response of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(8):2614-2624. 
[29] NOH H S,INGALE S L,LEE S H,et al.Effects of citrus pulp,fish by-product and Bacillus subtilis fermentation biomass on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and fecal microflora of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Technology,2014,56(1):10.
[30] XUAN Z N,KIM J D,LEE J H,et al.Effects of enzyme complex on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs weaned at 14 days of age[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2001,14(2):231-236. 
[31] 华洵璐,钱仁界,张宪中,等.芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻和饲料消化率的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(3):166-170.
[32] 解洛香,徐乐,杨倩,等.酵母培养物对3种肠道有益菌体外增殖的影响[J].中国酿造,2012,31(4):82-84.
[33] UPADRASTA A,O'SULLIVAN L,O'SULLIVAN O,et al.The effect of dietary supplementation with spent cider yeast on the swine distal gut microbiome[J].PLoS One,2013,8(10):e75714.
[34] 郭发祥.酵母培养物及其在家禽生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2011(10):46-48.
[35] SCHEUERMANN S E.Effect of the probiotic paciflor (CIP 5832) on energy and protein metabolism in growing pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1993,41(3):181-189. 
[36] 尹君.微生态制剂和酶制剂对异育银鲫生长及消化生理的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[37] 苏勇,姚文,黄瑞华,等.芽孢乳杆菌S1对断奶前后仔猪肠道乳酸菌、大肠杆菌和挥发性脂肪酸含量变化的影响[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2006,35(1):73-76.
[38] 陈惠.芽孢杆菌对生长育肥猪肠道菌群及酶活性的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,1994,12(增刊):550-553,549.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2