风速和偏热处理对肉仔鸡生理、内分泌和免疫指标的影响

张少帅; 刁华杰; 张敏红; 冯京海; 周莹; 李萌; 厉秀梅

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.01.009

动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 1: 69 - 79

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.01.009

禽营养

风速和偏热处理对肉仔鸡生理、内分泌和免疫指标的影响

张少帅 ,
刁华杰 ,
张敏红 ,
冯京海 ,
周莹 ,
李萌 ,
厉秀梅

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1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
2. 东北农业大学动物科技学院, 哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期: 2016-07-15

网络出版日期: 2017-01-16

基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题“肉禽舒适环境的适宜参数及限值研究”（2016YFD0500509）；国家“十二五”科技支撑课题“畜禽健康养殖环境控制关键技术与集成”（2012BAD39B02）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAS07）

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Effects of Air Velocity and Moderate Ambient Temperatures on Physiological, Endocrine and Immune Indices of Broilers

ZHANG Shaoshuai ,
DIAO Huajie ,
ZHANG Minhong ,
FENG Jinghai ,
ZHOU Ying ,
LI Meng ,
LI Xiumei

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1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Received date: 2016-07-15

Online published: 2017-01-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同风速和偏热处理对肉仔鸡生理、内分泌和免疫指标的影响。选取42日龄体重相近、健康的爱拔益加肉仔公鸡150羽，随机分成15个处理，每个处理10羽，每羽鸡作为1个重复。试验动物放在环控舱中（温度21℃，相对湿度60%），每次试验处理前从中随机挑选10羽，放置在另一个由本实验室研发的纵向通风试验环控舱中。每次处理分6 h适应期（自由采食与饮水）和6 h试验期（禁食禁水），适应期温湿度与试验前一致。试验期将环控舱的温湿度调至试验要求（相对湿度保持不变），风速由纵向通风实现。试验采用3×5因子设计，试验温度分3个水平：26、29和32℃；风速分为5个水平：0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 m/s。各试验处理条件在第1小时内实现，第2~6小时分别采集数据。结果表明：1）风速和偏热处理的交互作用显著影响肉仔鸡体核温度（Tc）、呼吸频率（Fr）、皮肤温度（Ts）以及血清三碘甲腺原氨酸（T₃）和皮质酮含量（P<0.05）。与0风速相比，在26℃偏热温度下，1.0 m/s及以上风速显著降低肉仔鸡Tc（P<0.05），2.0 m/s风速显著降低肉仔鸡Fr（P<0.05），1.5 m/s及以上风速显著降低肉仔鸡耳叶皮温（Tes）（P<0.05），1.0 m/s及以上风速显著降低肉仔鸡鸡冠皮温（Tcs）和小腿皮温（Tss）（P<0.05）；29℃偏热温度下，1.0 m/s及以上风速显著降低肉仔鸡Tc、Tes、Tcs和Tss（P<0.05）；32℃偏热温度下，1.0 m/s及以上风速显著降低肉仔鸡Tc和Fr（P<0.05），0.5 m/s及以上风速显著降低肉仔鸡Tes、Tcs和Tss（P<0.05）；较高偏热和无风（32℃+0风速）或较高偏热和低风（32℃+0.5 m/s风速）下肉仔鸡Tc、Ts、Fr较高，血清T₃含量较低，应激程度较大。2）偏热处理下，低风速（0.5 m/s）会加重肉仔鸡热负荷，风速对肉仔鸡免疫指标影响较小，最适风速为1.5 m/s。总之，偏热处理下风速不同程度影响肉仔鸡生理、内分泌和免疫指标。

关键词： 风速; 急性偏热; 肉仔鸡; 生理; 内分泌; 免疫

本文引用格式

张少帅 , 刁华杰 , 张敏红 , 冯京海 , 周莹 , 李萌 , 厉秀梅 . 风速和偏热处理对肉仔鸡生理、内分泌和免疫指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(1) : 69 -79 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.01.009

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of air velocity and moderate ambient temperatures on physiological, endocrine and immune indices of broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty 42-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were assigned randomly to fifteen treatments, each treatment contained ten birds and each bird as a replicate. These birds were raised in environment chamber[21℃+60% relative humidity (RH)]. Before each treatment, ten selected birds were placed into another environment chamber with tunnel ventilation which made by our laboratory. Each treatment contained 6 h adaptive period (ad libitum) and 6 h test period (no feed or water). Adaptive period and reserved chamber both were 21℃+60% RH. Environment chamber set temperature and humidity (60% RH), air velocity was controlled by tunnel ventilation chamber. The 3×5 two factorial design was used, and temperature had three levels as 26, 29 and 31℃, while air velocity had five levels as 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m/s. Each treatment was achieved within 1 h, and the data was collected from 2 to 6 h. The results showed as follows:1) interaction of air velocity and temperature significantly affected core body temperature (Tc), respiratory frequency (Fr), skin temperature (Ts), and serum contents of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T₃) and cortisol of broilers (P<0.05). Compared with 0 air velocity, under 26℃ condition, 1.0 m/s or higher air velocity significantly reduced Tc (P<0.05), 2.0 m/s air velocity significantly reduced Fr (P<0.05), 1.5 m/s or higher air velocity significantly reduced earlobe skin temperature (Tes), and 1.0 m/s or higher air velocity significantly reduced comb skin temperature (Tcs) and shank skin temperature (Tss) (P<0.05) of broilers; under 29℃ condition, 1.0 m/s or higher air velocity significantly reduced Tc, Tes, Tcs and Tss (P<0.05) of broilers; under 32℃ condition, 1.0 m/s or higher air velocity significantly reduced Tc and Fr (P<0.05), and 0.5 m/s or higher air velocity significantly reduced Tes, Tcs and Tss (P<0.05) of broilers; 32℃+0 air velocity and 32℃+0.5 m/s air velocity increased Tc, Ts, Fr and reduced T₃ deeply, which meant broilers were under stress heavily. 2) Under acute moderate temperatures, low air velocity (0.5 m/s) exacerbated heat load, air velocity had no effect on immune indices of broilers, and the best air velocity was 1.5 m/s. In conclusion, air velocity at moderate temperatures affects physiological, endocrine and immune indices of broilers in some degrees.

Key words： air velocity; acute moderate temperature; broilers; physiological; endocrine; immune

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