[1] BARNES E M,MEAD G C,BARNUML D A,et al.The intestinal flora of the chicken in the period 2 to 6 weeks of age,with particular reference to the anaerobic bacteria[J].British Poultry Science,1972,13(3):311-326.

[2] SALANITRO J P,BLAKE I G,MUIREHEAD P A,et al.Bacteria isolated from the duodenum,ileum,and cecum of young chicks[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1978,35(4):782-790.
[3] MITSUOKA T.Intestinal flora and aging[J].Nutrition Reviews,1992,50(12):438-446.
[4] 史自涛,姚焰础,江山,等.粪肠球菌替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血液生化指标和免疫器官的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1832-1840.
[5] 刘辉,季海峰,王四新,等.2种乳酸菌制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(11):49-51.
[6] 侯璐.猪源粪肠球菌的特性及对仔猪生长性能和免疫力影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[7] ROSS G R,GUSILS C,OLISZEWSKI R,et al.Effects of probiotic administration in swine[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2010,109(6):545-549.

[8] 贡筱,郭俊刚,吴学壮,等.饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(4):1004-1010.
[9] NRC.Nutrient requirements of poultry[S].9th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1994.
[10] 鲍延娥,董晓芳,佟建明,等.粪肠球菌益生特性的体外评价[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(11):202-207.
[11] HUGAS M,GARRIGA M,AYMERICH M T.Functionalty of
Enterococci in meat products[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2003,88(2/3):223-233.
[12] PEREIRA D I,MCCARTNEY A L,GIBSON G R.An
in vitro study of the probiotic potential of a bile-salt-hydrolyzing
Lactobacillus fermentum strain,and determination of its cholesterol-lowering properties[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(8):4743-4752.

[13] NAHASHON S N,NAKAUE H S,MIROSH L W.Phytaseactivity,phosphorus and calcium retention,and performance of Single Comb White Leghorn layers fed diets containing two levels of available phosphorus and supplemented with direct-fed microbials[J].Poultry Science,1994,73(10):1552-1562.

[14] NAHASHON S N,NAKAUE H S,MIROSH L W.Production variables and nutrient retention in Single Comb White Leghorn laying pullets fed diets supplemented with direct-fed microbials[J].Poultry Science,1994,73(11):1699-1711.

[15] NAHASHON S N,NAKAUE H S,MIROSH L W.Performance of single comb white leghorn fed a diet supplemented with a live microbial during the growth and egg laying phases[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,57(1/2):25-38.
[16] KURTOGLU V,KURTOGLU F,SEKER E,et al.Effect of probiotic supplementation on laying hen diets on yield performance and serum and egg yolk cholesterol[J].Food Additives & Contaminants,2004,21(9):817-823.

[17] YOUSEFI M,KARKOODI K.Effect of probiotic Thepax and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on performance and egg quality of laying hens[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2007,6(1):52-54.

[18] MAHDAVI A H,RAHMANI H R,POURREZA J.Effect of probiotic supplements on egg quality and laying hen's performance[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(7):488-492.

[19] NAHASHON S N,NAKAUE H S,MIROSH L W.Nutrient retention and production parameters of Single Comb White Leghorn layers fed diets with varying crude protein levels and supplemented with direct-fed microbials[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,61(1/2/3/4):17-26.
[20] BALEVI T,UÇAN U S,COŞUN B,et al.Effect of dietary probiotic on performance and humoral immune response in layer hens[J].British Poultry Science,2001,42(4):456-461.

[21] SALMA U,MIAH A G,TAREQ K M A,et al.Effect of dietary
Rhodobactercapsulatus on egg-yolk cholesterol and laying hen performance[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(4):714-719.

[22] MIKULSKI D,JANKOWSKI J,NACZMANSKI J,et al.Effects of dietary probiotic (
Pediococcusacidilactici) supplementation on performance,nutrientdigestibility,eggtraits,egg yolk cholesterol,and fatty acid profile in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(10):2691-2700.

[23] GOODLING A C,CERNIGLIA G J,HEBERT J A.Production performance of white leghorn layers fed
Lactobacillus fermentation products[J].Poultry Science,1987,66(3):480-486.

[24] MAHAN B,KADIRVEL R,BHASKARAN M,et al.Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum/yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in layers[J].British Poultry Science,1995,36(5):799-803.

[25] TORTUERO F,FERNÁNDEZ E.Effects of inclusion of microbial cultures in barley-based diets fed to laying hens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1995,53(3/4):255-265.
[26] XU C L,JI C,MA Q,et al.Effects of a dried
Bacillus subtilis culture on egg quality[J].Poultry Science,2006,85(2):364-368.

[27] DIERICK N A.Biotechnology aids to improve feed and feed digestion:enzymes and fermentation[J].Archivfür Tierernaehrung,1989,39(3):241-261.

[28] KAHRAMAN-DOGAN H,BAYINDIRLI L,ÖZILGEN M.Quality control charts for storage of eggs[J].Journal of Food Quality,1994,17(6):495-501.

[29] SILVERSIDES F G,VILLENEUVE P.Is the Haugh unit correction for egg weight valid for eggs stored at room temperature?[J].Poultry Science,1994,73(1):50-55.

[30] JONES D R,THARRINGTON J B,CURTIS P A,et al.Effects of cryogenic cooling of shell eggs on egg quality[J].Poultry Science,2002,81(5):727-733.

[31] BEGLEY M,HILL C,GAHAN C G.Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(3):1729-1738.

[32] FRANZ C M,SPECHT I,HABERER P,et al.Bile salt hydrolase activity of enterococci isolated from food:screening and quantitative determination[J].Journal of Food Protection,2001,64(5):725-729.

[33] KNARREBORG A,ENGBERG R M,JENSEN S K,et al.Quantitative determination of bile salt hydrolase activity in bacteria isolated from the small intestine of chickens[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(12):6425-6428.

[34] WIJAYA A,HERMANN A,ABRIOUEL H,et al.Cloning of the bile salt hydrolase (
bsh) gene from
Enterococcus faecium FAIR-E 345 and chromosomal location of
bsh genes in food enterococci[J].Journal of Food Protection,2004,67(12):2772-2778.

[35] REYNIER M O,MONTET J C,GEROLAMI A,et al.Comparative effects of cholic,chenodeoxycholic,and ursodeoxycholic acids on micellar solubilization and intestinal absorption of cholesterol[J].Journal of Lipid Research,1981,22(3):467-473.
[36] DE SMET I,VAN HOORDE L,DE SAEYER N,et al.
In vitro study of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of BSH isogenic
Lactobacillus plantarum 80 strains and estimation of cholesterol lowering through enhanced BSH activity[J].Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease,1994,7(6):315-329.

[37] DE RODAS B Z,GILLILAND S E,MAXWELL C V.Hypocholesterolemic action of
Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 and calcium in swine with hypercholesterolemia induced by diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1996,79(12):2121-2128.

[38] PIGEON R M,CUESTA E P,GILLILAND S E.Binding of free bile acids by cells of yogurt starter culture bacteria[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(11):2705-2710.

[39] LIONG M T,SHAH N P.Acid and bile tolerance and cholesterol removal ability of
Lactobacilli strains[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(1):55-66.

[40] MCKAY A M.Antimicrobial activity of
Enterococcus faecium against
Listeria spp.[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,1990,11(1):15-17.

[41] ARIHARA K,OGIHARA S,SAKATA J,et al.Antimicrobial activity of
Enterococcus faecalis against
Listeria monocytogenes[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,1991,13(4):190-192.
[42] PARENTE E,HILL C.Characterization of enterocin 1146,a bacteriocin from
Enterococcus faecium inhibitory to Listeria monocytogenes[J].Journal of Food Protection,1992,55:497-502.
[43] VILLANI F,SALZANO G,SORRENTINO E,et al.Enterocin 226NWC,a bacteriocin produced by
Enterococcus faecalis 226,active against
Listeria monocytogenes[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1993,74(4):380-387.

[44] LINE J E,SVETOCH E A,ERUSLANOV B V,et al.Isolation and purification of enterocin E-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria[J].Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,2008,52(3):1094-1100.

[45] FRANZ C M A P,VAN BELKUM M J,HOLZAPFEL W H,et al.Diversity of enterococcal bacteriocins and their grouping in a new classification scheme[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2007,31(3):293-310.