动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 1: 298 - 308

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.01.034

研究简报

全混合日粮粒度对奶牛采食、咀嚼活动和生产性能的影响

  • 李延涛 ,
  • 闫瑞 ,
  • 胡志勇 ,
  • 林雪彦 ,
  • 王中华
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  • 山东农业大学动物科技学院, 泰安 271018

收稿日期: 2016-07-04

  网络出版日期: 2017-01-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（31572427，31372340）；国家现代农业（奶业）产业技术体系（CARS-37）；山东省牛产业技术体系（SDAIT-12-011-06）

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Effects of Particle Size of Total Mixed Ration on Feed Intake, Chewing Activity and Performance in Dairy Cows

  • LI Yantao ,
  • YAN Rui ,
  • HU Zhiyong ,
  • LIN Xueyan ,
  • WANG Zhonghua
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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China

Received date: 2016-07-04

  Online published: 2017-01-16

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摘要

本试验研究了全混合日粮（TMR）粒度对奶牛采食、咀嚼活动和生产性能的影响，以探讨TMR适宜的粒度及制作过程中苜蓿、羊草的适宜搅拌时间。选用4头经产泌乳中期[泌乳时间（85±7）d]荷斯坦奶牛[体重（616.8±44.3）kg]进行4×4拉丁方设计。通过改变苜蓿、羊草搅拌时间改变TMR粒度，分为4组，分别为细颗粒牧草（FH）组（苜蓿搅拌12 min，羊草搅拌20 min）、中细颗粒牧草（MFH）组（苜蓿搅拌9 min，羊草搅拌15 min）、中长颗粒牧草（MLH）组（苜蓿搅拌6 min，羊草搅拌10 min）和长颗粒牧草（LH）组（苜蓿搅拌3 min，羊草搅拌5 min）。共进行4期试验，每期持续19 d，其中预试期14 d，采样期5 d。记录采样期前3 d的产奶量并采集奶样测定乳成分，采样期的第2和3天视频监控记录奶牛咀嚼活动，采样期最后2 d采集粪样测定养分表观消化率。结果表明：TMR粒度对干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、氮的表观消化率有显著影响（P<0.05），与MLH组和LH组相比，FH组和MFH组的表观消化率较高。TMR粒度对奶牛干物质、物理有效中性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、氮的摄入量，产奶量和乳成分无显著影响（P>0.05）。没有观察到TMR粒度对奶牛咀嚼时间有显著影响（P>0.05），也没有观察到TMR粒度对血浆生化指标有显著影响（P>0.05）。结果提示，TMR适宜的粒度分布如下：≥19.00 mm、8.00~（<19.00）mm、1.18~（<8.00）mm和<1.18 mm的干物质比例分别为45.20%、25.50%、16.55%和12.75%；TMR中苜蓿和羊草适宜搅拌时间分别为9和15 min。

关键词： 奶牛; 全混合日粮; 搅拌时间; 粒度; 采食量; 咀嚼活动; 生产性能

本文引用格式

李延涛 , 闫瑞 , 胡志勇 , 林雪彦 , 王中华 . 全混合日粮粒度对奶牛采食、咀嚼活动和生产性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(1) : 298 -308 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.01.034

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of particle size of total mixed ration (TMR) on feed intake, chewing activity and performance in dairy cows, which was used to determine the appropriate particle size of TMR and mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis during TMR processing. Four multiparous Holstein dairy cows[body weight was(616.8±44.3) kg] at mid-lactation[days in milk was (85±7) d] were randomly assigned to 4 groups in a 4×4 Latin square. Particle size of TMR was changed according to changing mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis, and the 4 groups were as follows:fine practicle hay (FH) group (mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 12 and 20 min, rescpectively), medium-fine practicle hay (MFH) group (mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 9 and 15 min, rescpectively), medium-long practicle hay (MLH) group (mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 6 and 10 min, rescpectively) and long practicle hay (LH) group (mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 3 and 5 min, rescpectively). The experiment consisted of 4 periods of 19 d with 14 d for adaptation and 5 d for sampling in each period. Milk yield was recorded and milk sample was collected to determine milk composition in the first three days of sampling period, monitoring system was used to measure chewing activity on the second and third days of sampling period, and feces sample was collected to evaluate nutrient apparent digestibility in last two days of sampling period. The results showed as follows:particle size of TMR had significant effects on apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and nitrogen; compared with MLH and LH groups (P<0.05), apparent digestibility in FH and MFH groups was higher. Particle size of TMR had no significant effects on intakes of dry matter, physical effective neutral detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nitrogen, as well as milk yield and milk composition (P>0.05). No significant differences were detected on chewing activity and plasma biochemical indicators caused particle size of TMR (P>0.05). The results indicate that the suitable particle size distribution of TMR can be as follows:the percentages of dry matter ≥19.00 mm, 8.00~(<19.00) mm, 1.18~(<8.00) mm and <1.18 mm are 45.20%, 25.50%, 16.55% and 12.75%, respectively; the suitable mixing time for alfalfa and Leymus chinensis in TMR are 9 and 15min, respectively.

Key words： dairy cow; total mixed ration; mixing time; particle size; feed intake; chewing activity; performance

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