研究简报 Short communications

辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

展开
  • 东北农业大学动物科学技术学院, 哈尔滨 150030
张幸怡(1992-),女,黑龙江伊春人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物生产的研究。E-mail:839732346@qq.com

收稿日期: 2016-08-02

  网络出版日期: 2017-02-17

基金资助

国家奶牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)

Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Peduncles on Production Performance, and Plasma Biochemical, Antioxidant and Immune Indexes in Dairy Cows

Expand
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Received date: 2016-08-02

  Online published: 2017-02-17

摘要

本试验旨在探究辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中50%苜蓿对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取8头产后100~150 d,经产,体重、胎次、产奶量相同或相近的健康的荷斯坦奶牛,每4头为1组分为2组进行交叉试验。试验(A)组饲喂用辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中50%苜蓿的试验饲粮,对照(B)组饲喂基础饲粮。试验分2期进行,每期18 d,其中前15天为预试期,后3天为试验期。采集血样及奶样,并记录干物质采食(DMI)量和产奶量。结果表明:1)与B组相比,A组奶牛的DMI显著增加(P<0.05),产奶量有升高的趋势(0.05≤P < 0.10),且显著提高了乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量和乳总固形物含量,有降低乳体细胞数的趋势(0.05≤P < 0.10);2)A组奶牛血浆中胆固醇(CHOL)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量显著低于B组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性与游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量有下降的趋势(0.05≤P < 0.10);3)与B组相比,A组显著提高了奶牛血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05),显著降低了血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),显著提高血浆中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量(P<0.05)。因此,辣木梗叶在一定程度上可促进奶牛生产性能的提高,预防乳房炎的发生,改善奶牛血浆生化指标,提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能,可作为优质粗饲料应用于奶牛的生产实践。

本文引用格式

张幸怡, 林聪, 李洋, 王一臻, 高红, 张广宁, 姜鑫, 徐宏建, 张永根 . 辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(2) : 628 -635 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.02.032

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles replaced 50% alfalfa in basal diet on production performance, plasma biochemical, antioxidant and immune indexes in lactating dairy cows. Eight healthy and multiparous Holstein cows (same or similar in body weight, parity and milk production, at 100 to 150 d after deliver) were allocated to two groups and make a crossover trail. Cows in experimental (A) group were fed diet which Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles replaced 50% alfalfa in a basal diet, and those in control (B) group were fed the basal diet. There were two periods in this study, and each period had 15 days of pretrial period and 3 days of trail period. Blood and milk samples were collected, and dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were recorded. The results showed as follows:1) compared with B group, DMI in A group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and milk production had a tendency to rise (0.05≤P < 0.10), and A group significantly improved milk protein rate, milk protein yield and milk total solid content, while milk somatic cell count had a tendency to decrease (0.05≤P < 0.10); 2) the contents of cholesterol (CHOL) and triglyceride (TG) in plasma of A group were significantly lower than those of B group (P<0.05), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content of A group had tendencies to decrease (0.05≤P < 0.10); 3) compared with B group, A group not only significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and inhibition of hydroxyl radical capacity in plasma (P<0.05), significantly decreased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in plasma (P<0.05), and significantly increased plasma content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.05). In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles can promote the improvement of production performance of dairy cows to a certain extent, prevent the happening of mastitis, and improve plasma biochemical indexes, antioxidant function and immune function, and can be applied in production practice of dairy cows as a high quality roughage.

参考文献

[1] ANWAR F,LATIF S,ASHRAF M,et al.Moringa oleifera:a food plant with multiple medicinal uses[J].Phytotherapy Research,2007,21(1):17-25.  

[2] RAMACHANDRAN C,PETER K V,GOPALAKRISHNAN P K.Drumstick (Moringa oleifera):a multipurpose Indian vegetable[J].Economic Botany,1980,34(3):276-283.  

[3] KUMAR P S,MISHRA D,GHOSH G,et al.Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera[J].International Journal of Phytomedicine,2010,2(3):210-216.

[4] KUMAR V,PANDEY N,MOHAN N,et al.Antibacterial & antioxidant activity of different extract of Moringa oleifera leaves-an in-vitro study[J].International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research,2011,12(1):89-94.

[5] SREELATHA S,PADMA P R.Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Moringa oleifera leaves in two stages of maturity[J].Plant Foods for Human Nutrition,2009,64(4):303-311.  

[6] UDUPA S L,UDUPA A L,KULKARNI D R.A comparative study on the effect of some indigenous drugs on normal and steroid-depressed healing[J].Fitoterapia,1998,69(6):507-510.

[7] PRAKASH A O,PATHAK S,SHUKLA S,et al.Pre and post-implantation changes in the uteus of rats:response to Moringa oleifera lam.extract[J].Ancient Science of Life,1988,8(1):49-54.

[8] FAIZI S,SIDDIQUI B S,SALEEM R,et al.Fully acetylated carbamate and hypotensive thiocarbamate glycosides from Moringa oleifera[J].Phytochemistry,1995,38(4):957-963.  

[9] KHOLIF A E,MORSY T A,GOUDA G A,et al.Effect of feeding diets with processed Moringa oleifera meal as protein source in lactating Anglo-Nubian goats[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,217:45-55.

[10] 郑家三,夏成,张洪友,等.过瘤胃胆碱对围产期奶牛生产性能和能量代谢的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(3):114-120.

[11] MENDIETA-ARAICA B,SPÖRNDLY E,REYES-SÁNCHEZ N,et al.Feeding Moringa oleifera fresh or ensiled to dairy cows-effects on milk yield and milk flavor[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(5):1039-1047.  

[12] SÁNCHEZ N R,SPÖRNDLY E,LEDIN I.Effect of feeding different levels of foliage of Moringa oleifera to creole dairy cows on intake,digestibility,milk production and composition[J].Livestock Science,2006,101(1/2/3):24-31.

[13] KHOLIF A E,GOUDA G A,MORSY T A,et al.Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein source in lactating goat's diets:feed intake,digestibility,ruminal fermentation,milk yield and composition,and its fatty acids profile[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,129:129-137.

[14] M'HAMED D,FAVERDIN P,VERITÉ R.Effects of the level and source of dietary protein on intake and milk yield in dairy cows[J].Annales De Zootechnie,2001,50(3):205-211.  

[15] KHOLIF A E,KHATTAB H M,EL-SHEWY A A,et al.Nutrient digestibility,ruminal fermentation activities,serum parameters and milk production and composition of lactating goats fed diets containing rice straw treated with Pleurotus ostreatus[J].Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences,2014,27(3):357-364.  

[16] 刘艳娜,史莹华,严学兵,等.苜蓿青干草替代部分精料对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):190-197.

[17] BASITAN I S,JARCIA E G.Yield,quality and feed cost efficiency of milk produced by Anglo-Nubian goats fed different mixtures of Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) grass and malunggay (Moringa oleifera)[J].Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,2013,39(2):193-200.

[18] SÁNCHEZ N R,LEDIN S,LEDIN I.Biomass production and chemical composition of Moringa oleifera under different management regimes in Nicaragua[J].Agroforestry Systems,2006,66(3):231-242.  

[19] KHALEL M S,SHWERAB A M,HASSAN A A,et al.Nutritional evaluation of Moringa oleifera fodder in comparison with Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem) and impact of feeding on lactation performance of cows[J].Life Science Journal,2014,11(10):1040-1054.

[20] 萨丽塔娜提,阿合买提·买买提,占秀梅.奶牛乳房炎与牛乳中的体细胞数关系研究[J].草食家畜,2012(3):81-83.

[21] 毛永江,杨章平,王杏龙,等.南方地区荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞数及乳房性状与泌乳性能相关性的研究[J].中国奶牛,2002(2):12-13.

[22] RUEGG P L,DOHOO I R.A benefit to cost analysis of the effect of premilking teat hygiene on somatic cell count and intramammary infections in a commercial dairy herd[J].The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne,1997,38(10):632-636.  

[23] 李新萍,陶岳,张孝恩,等.新疆石河子地区奶牛血液生化指标正常参考值范围的建立[J].中国奶牛,2011(18):47-50.

[24] 张婧.辣木组织培养及有效成分分析[D].硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学,2013.

[25] GHASI S,NWOBODO E,OFILI J O.Hypocholesterolemic effects of crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam in high-fat diet fed wistar rats[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2000,69(1):21-25.  

[26] JAIN P G,PATIL S D,HASWANI N G,et al.Hypolipidemic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam.,Moringaceae,on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in albino rats[J].Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia,2010,20(6):969-973.  

[27] LEBLANC S J.Monitoring programs for transition dairy cows[C]//Proceedings of the 26th World Biuatrics Congress.Nice:World Biuatrics Congress,2006:460-472.

[28] RICHARDSON J M,WILKINSON R G,SINCLAIR L A.Synchrony of nutrient supply to the rumen and dietary energy source and their effects on the growth and metabolism of lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(5):1332-1347.  

[29] ALLAM H,ABDELAZEM A M,SALAH H,et al.Some hemato-biochemical,bacteriological and pathological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,2016,5(2):99-104.  

[30] MBIKAY M.Therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera leaves in chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia:a review[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2012,3:24.

[31] 朱宏娟.不同硒源及硒水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液抗氧化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.

[32] OGBE A O,AFFIKU J P.Proximate study,mineral and anti-nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves harvested from Lafia,Nigeria:potential benefits in poultry nutrition and health[J].Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Food Sciences,2011,1(3):296-308.

[33] LUQMAN S,SRIVASTAVA S,KUMAR R,et al.Experimental assessment of Moringa oleifera leaf and fruit for its antistress,antioxidant,and scavenging potential using in vitro and in vivo assays[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2011,2012:519084.

[34] 刘爱国,杨桂有,刘晓磊,等.牛血清中免疫球蛋白的提取研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(9):261-265.

[35] 郭利群,冯凤兆,吴琳,等.辣木的药用价值及应用研究[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(6):11-17.
文章导航

/