1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡钠、氯的需要量

于欢, 蒋守群, 刘梅, 蒋宗勇, 李龙, 苟钟勇, 林厦菁

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.03.008

动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 3: 786 - 797

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.03.008

禽营养 Poultry nutrition

1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡钠、氯的需要量

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1. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 农业部华南动物营养与饲料重点开放实验室, 广东省动物育种与营养公共实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州 510640;
2. 华中农业大学动物科学技术学院、动物医学院, 武汉 430070

于欢(1990-),男,山东单县人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:243151718@qq.com

收稿日期: 2016-09-14

网络出版日期: 2017-03-09

基金资助

国家肉鸡产业技术体系项目（CARS-42）；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目子课题（2014BAD13B02）；广东省科技攻关项目（2013B020306002）

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Sodium and Chlorine Requirements of Yellow-Feathered Broilers Aged from 1 to 21 Days

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1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Animal Veterinary, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received date: 2016-09-14

Online published: 2017-03-09

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摘要

本试验旨在通过研究饲粮不同钠、氯水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、排泄物含水率、血清指标、肠道钠-葡萄糖共转运载体1（SGLT1）和钠/氢交换载体2（NHE2）mRNA表达量等的影响，探讨1~21日龄阶段黄羽肉鸡钠和氯的需要量及其作用机理。试验选用1日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡共1 200只，根据体重随机分成5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复40只鸡。对照组采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（无额外钠、氯添加），其余各组都以钠、氯含量比1：1设梯度，通过食盐与碳酸氢钠等量取代部分沸石粉使饲粮钠与氯含量均分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%，试验期间试鸡自由采食和饮水。试验结果显示，饲粮补充钠、氯显著提高了平均日增重、平均日采食量、平均日饮水量和排泄物含水率（P<0.05），显著降低了料重比和死亡率（P<0.05），其中平均日增重随饲粮钠、氯水平的提高呈二次折线升高（R²=0.966，P=0.009），排泄物含水率随饲粮钠、氯水平的提高呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化（R²=0.954，P=0.046）；饲粮补充钠、氯显著提高了血清渗透压（P<0.05），显著降低了血清尿酸、葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量（P<0.05），对血清胆囊收缩素、胃饥饿素和生长激素含量无显著影响（P>0.05）；饲粮钠、氯水平均为0.2%、0.4%组十二指肠NHE2 mRNA表达量和钠-钾ATP（Na⁺-K⁺-ATP）酶活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；饲粮钠、氯水平为0.2%组回肠SGLT1 mRNA表达量显著高于对照组和0.4%组（P>0.05）。结果提示，本试验条件下，以生长性能为评定指标，根据方差分析和多重比较得到，1~21日龄阶段快大型黄羽肉鸡饲粮适宜钠、氯水平均为0.2%；通过非线性回归模型估测得到，饲粮适宜钠、氯水平均为0.14%。

关键词： 黄羽肉鸡; 钠; 氯; 营养需要量

本文引用格式

于欢, 蒋守群, 刘梅, 蒋宗勇, 李龙, 苟钟勇, 林厦菁 . 1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡钠、氯的需要量[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(3) : 786 -797 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.03.008

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium and chlorine levels on growth performance, excreta moisture rate, serum parameters, intestinal sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), sodium-hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHE2) mRNA expression and so on of yellow-feathered broilers aged from 1 to 21 days, and to estimate the optimal dietary sodium and chlorine levels and its mechanism for yellow-feathered broilers aged from 1 to 21 days. A total of 1 200 one-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to five groups. Each group consisted of six replicates with 40 birds per replicate in the trail. Dietary treatments included the corn-soybean meal type basal diet (control, and without additional sodium and chlorine) and the other four diets supplemented with NaCl and NaHCO₃ isometric substituting part of zeolite powder (the ratio of sodium and chlorine was 1:1 in diet, and the dietary sodium and chlorine levels were 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively). Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Results showed that, dietary sodium and chlorine supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, daily water consumption and excreta moisture rate (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain and mortality (P<0.05) of broilers. A quadratic broken-line increasing effect of ADG (R²=0.966, P=0.009) and a quadratic effect of excreta moisture rate with increasing first and then decreasing (R²=0.954, P=0.046) were observed with increasing of dietary sodium and chlorine level, respectively. Supplementation of sodium and chlorine significantly increased serum osmotic pressure (P<0.05), reduced the contents of serum uric acid, glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on serum contents of cholecystokinin, ghrelin and somatotropin (P>0.05). 0.2% and 0.4% dietary sodium and chlorine supplementation significantly decreased mRNA expression of duodenum NHE2 and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity compared with the control (P<0.05), and ileum SGLT1 mRNA expression was higher in birds fed the diet with 0.2% of dietary sodium and chlorine with respect to the control birds or birds fed 0.4% of dietary sodium and chlorine (P<0.05). In conclusion, based on the growth performance, the optimal dietary sodium and chlorine levels estimated by variance analysis and multiple comparisons for yellow-feathered broiler chicks aged from 1 to 21 days are 0.2%, but the optimal dietary sodium and chlorine levels estimated by non-linear regression model are 0.14%.

Key words： yellow-feathered broilers; sodium; chlorine; nutrient requirement

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