[1] SILANIKOVE N.The physiological basis of adaptation in goats to harsh environments[J].Small Ruminant Research,2000,35(3):181-193.
[2] KADZERE C T,MURPHY M R,SILANIKOVE N,et al.Heat stress in lactating dairy cows:a review[J].Livestock Production Science,2002,77(1):59-91.
[3] FUQUAY J W.Heat stress as it affects animal production[J].Journal of Animal Science,1981,52(1):164-174.
[4] DIKMEN S,ALAVA E,PONTES E,et al.Differences in thermoregulatory ability between slick-haired and wild-type lactating Holstein cows in response to acute heat stress[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(9):3395-3402.
[5] DE SOUZA R B,NASCIMENTO M R B M,IGARASI M S.Thermoregulatory characteristics of goats on tropical environment:review[J].Pubvet,2013,7(6):15-16.
[6] MARAI I F M,HABEEB A A M,DAADER A H,et al.Effects of Egyptian subtropical summer conditions and the heat-stress alleviation technique of water spray and a diaphoretic on the growth and physiological functions of Friesian calves[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1995,30(2):219-225.
[7] MARAI I F M,DAADER A M,ABDEL-SAMEE A M,et al.Winter and summer effects and their ameleoration on lactating Friesian and Holstein cows maintained under Egyptian conditions[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Animal,Poultry,Rabbits and Fish Production and Health.Cairo:Egypt,1997.
[8] MARAI I F M,SHALABY T H,BAHGAT L B,et al.Fattening of lambs on concentrates mixture diet alone without roughages or with addition of natural clay under subtropical conditions of Egypt.Growth performance and behaviour[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Animal Production and Health.Cairo:Egypt,1997.
[9] MARAI I F M,BAHGAT L B,SHALABY T H,et al.Fattening performance,some behavioural traits and physiological reactions of male lambs fed concentrates mixture alone with or without natural clay,under hot summer of Egypt[J].Annals Arid Zone,2000,39(4):449-460.
[10] MALIK R C,RAZZAQUE M A,AL-NASSER A Y.Sheep production in hot and arid zones[M].Kuwait:Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research,2000.
[11] 颜培实,李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[12] SEVI A,ANNICCHIARICO G,ALBENZIO M,et al.Effects of solar radiation and feeding time on behavior,immune response and production of lactating ewes under high ambient temperature[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(3):629-640.
[13] YAMAMOTO S,YOUNG B A,PURWANTO B P,et al.Effect of solar radiation on the heat load of dairy heifers[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1994,45(8):1741-1749.
[14] PEIXOTO COSTA W,EVANGELISTA FAÇANHA D A,GURGEL MORAIS LEITE J H,et al.Thermoregulatory responses and blood parameters of locally adapted ewes under natural weather conditions of Brazilian semiarid region[J].Semina:Ciências Agrárias,2015,36(6):4589-4600.
[15] 张明,刁其玉,赵国琦,等.夏季饮水温度和圈舍使用风扇对绵羊福利的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(6):44-46.
[16] LEE J A,ROUSSEL J D,BEATTY J F.Effect of temperature-season on bovine adrenal cortical function,blood cell profile,and milk production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1976,59(1):104-108.
[17] COSTA M J R P D,SILVA R G D,SOUZA R C D.Effect of air temperature and humidity on ingestive behaviour of sheep[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1992,36(4):218-222.
[18] KUMAR S,SHARMA M C,GOEL A K.Goat enterprises[M].Mathura:CIRG,2009.
[19] TOUSSAINT G.The housing of milk goats[J].Livestock Production Science,1997,49(2):151-164.
[20] ABDALLA E B,KOTBY E A,JOHNSON H D.Physiological responses to heat-induced hyperthermia of pregnant and lactating ewes[J].Small Ruminant Research,1993,11(2):125-134.
[21] SILANIKOVE N.Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants[J].Livestock Production Science,2000,67(1/2):1-18.
[22] STOTT A W,SLEE J.The effect of environmental temperature during pregnancy on thermoregulation in the newborn lamb[J].Animal Production,1985,41(3):341-347.
[23] MCCRABB G J,MCDONALD B J,HENNOSTE L M.Lamb birth weight in sheep differently acclimatized to a hot environment[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1993,44(5):933-943.
[24] ACHARYA R M,GUPTA U D,SAHGAL J P,et al.Coat characteristics of goats in relation to heat tolerance in the hot tropics[J].Small Ruminant Research,1995,18(3):245-248.
[25] FINCH V A,DMI'EL R,BOXMAN R,et al.Why black goats in hot deserts? Effects of coat color on heat exchanges of wild and domestic goats[J].Physiological Zoology,1980,53(1):19-25.
[26] MAIA A S C,DA SILVA R G,NASCIMENTO S T,et al.Thermoregulatory responses of goats in hot environments[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2015,59(8):1025-1033.
[27] GEBREMEDHIN K G,NI H,HILLMAN P E.Modeling temperature profile and heat flux through irradiated fur layer[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1997,40(5):1441-1447.
[28] VON BORELL E H.The biology of stress and its application to livestock housing and transportation assessment[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(E-Suppl.):E260-E267.
[29] SAPOLSKY R M,ROMERO L M,MUNCK A U.How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive,suppressive,stimulatory,and preparative actions[J].Endocrine Reviews,2000,21(1):55-89.
[30] SILANIKOVE N.Impact of shelter in hot Mediterranean climate on feed intake,feed utilization and body fluid distribution in sheep[J].Appetite,1987,9(3):207-215.
[31] MALTZ E,OLSSON K,CLICK S M,et al.Homeostatic responses to water deprivation or hemorrhage in lactating and non-lactating Bedouin goats[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1984,77(1):79-84.
[32] BLAZQUEZ N B,LONG S E,MAYHEW T M,et al.Rate of discharge and morphology of sweat glands in the perineal,lumbodorsal and scrotal skin of cattle[J].Research in Veterinary Science,1994,57(3):277-284.
[33] MAURYA V P,SEJIAN V,KUMAR D,et al.Effect of induced body condition score differences on sexual behavior,scrotal measurements,semen attributes and endocrine responses in Malpura rams under hot semi-arid environment[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2010,94(6):e308-e317.
[34] KOLUMAN N,DASKIRAN I.Effects of ventilation of the sheep house on heat stress,growth and thyroid hormones of lambs[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(6):1123-1127.
[35] OCAK S,KOLUMAN-DARCAN N,C ANKAYA S,et al.Physiological and biochemical responses in German Fawn kids subjected to cooling treatments under Mediterranean climate conditions[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,2009,33(6):455-461.
[36] HELAL A,HASHEM A L S,ABDEL-FATTAH M S,et al.Effect of heat stress on coat characteristics and physiological responses of Balady and Damascus goats in Sinai,Egypt[J].American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environment Science,2010,7(1):60-69.
[37] MCDOWELL R E,HOOVEN N W,CAMOENS J K.Effect of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1976,59(5):965-973.
[38] SHEBAITA M K,El-BANNA I M.Heat load and heat dissipation in sheep and goats under environmental heat stress[C]//Proceedings of the sixth international conference on animal and poultry production.Zagazig:University of Zagazig,1982:459-469.
[39] SEVI A,ALBENZIO M,ANNICCHIARICO G,et al.Effects of ventilation regimen on the welfare and performance of lactating ewes in summer[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(9):2349-2361.
[40] SEVI A,ROTUNNO T,DI CATERINA R,et al.Fatty acid composition of ewe milk as affected by solar radiation and high ambient temperature[J].Journal of Dairy Research,2002,69(2):181-194.
[41] APPLEMAN R D,DELOUCHE J C.Behavioral,physiological and biochemical responses of goats to temperature,0 to 40 ℃[J].Journal of Animal Science,1958,17(2):326-335.
[42] SWENSON M J.Dukes' physiology of domestic animals[M].New York:Cornell University Press,1989.
[43] 王宝理,张江平,陈正生.高气温环境对罗姆尼羊及湖羊生理常数的影响(1989年)[J].江西农业大学学报,1991,13(6):356-363.
[44] MARAI I F M,EL-DARAWANY A A,FADIEL A,et al.Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep-A review[J].Small Ruminant Research,2007,71(1/2/3):1-12.
[45] MARAI I F M,HABEEB A A M,GAD A E.Reproductive traits of female rabbits as affected by heat stress and lighting regime under subtropical conditions of Egypt[J].Animal Science,2004,78(1):119-127.
[46] LABURN H P,FAURIE A,GOELST K,et al.Effects on fetal and maternal body temperatures of exposure of pregnant ewes to heat,cold,and exercise[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2002,92(2):802-808.
[47] FAURIE A S,MITCHELL D,LABURN H P.Feto-maternal relationships in goats during heat and cold exposure[J].Experimental Physiology,2001,86(2):199-204.
[48] HAMZAOUI S,SALAMA A A K,CAJA G,et al.Milk production losses in early lactating dairy goats under heat stress[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95:672-673.
[49] MENDES M A,LEAO M I,SILVA J F C D,et al.Effect of environmental temperature and ration energy level on feed and water intakes and some physiological variables in sheep[J].Journal of the Brazilian Society of Zootecnia,1976,5(2):173.
[50] SALAMA A A K,CAJA G,HAMZAOUI S,et al.Different levels of response to heat stress in dairy goats[J].Small Ruminant Research,2014,121(1):73-79.
[51] BHATTACHARYA A N,HUSSAIN F.Intake and utilization of nutrients in sheep fed different levels of roughage under heat stress[J].Journal of Animal Science,1974,38(4):877-886.
[52] ARNOLD G W,DUDZINSKI M L.Ethology of free-ranging domestic animals[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1978.
[53] YOUSEF M K.Stress physiology in livestock[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1985.
[54] BEEDE D K,COLLIER R J.Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,62(2):543-554.
[55] BAKER M A.Effects of dehydration and rehydration on thermoregulatory sweating in goats[J].The Journal of Physiology,1989,417(1):421-435.
[56] SILANIKOVE N.Effects of water scarcity and hot environment on appetite and digestion in ruminants:a review[J].Livestock Production Science,1992,30(3):175-194.
[57] HAMZAOUI S,SALAMA A A K,ALBANELL E,et al.Physiological responses and lactational performances of late-lactation dairy goats under heat stress conditions[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(10):6355-6365.
[58] HAFEZ E S E.Adaptation of domestic animals[M].Philadelphia:Lea and Febiger,1968.
京公网安备 11010802041926号