动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 7: 2587 - 2596

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.07.044

研究简报 Short communications

海带渣添加比例及其酶解产物对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化和非特异性免疫力的影响

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  • 1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;
    2. 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 青岛 266071
彭素晓(1991—),女,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与微生物发酵。E-mail:836553017@qq.com

收稿日期: 2016-12-26

  网络出版日期: 2017-07-05

基金资助

国家虾现代产业技术体系（CARS-47）；青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划子任务“海水池塘健康养殖技术研发”（2015ASKJ02-03）

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Effects of Kelp Meal Adding Proportion and Its Enzymatic Hydrolysates on Growth, Digestion and Non-Specific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei

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  • 1. College of Fishers and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Received date: 2016-12-26

  Online published: 2017-07-05

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摘要

为探究海带渣添加比例及其酶解产物对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化和非特异性免疫力的影响，本试验进行了如下2个试验：海带渣适宜添加比例试验和海带渣酶解产物应用效果试验。海带渣适宜添加比例试验（试验1）：采用单因素试验设计，配制海带渣添加比例分别为0（对照组）、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、5.0%的6种饲料（分别记为D1~D6组），投喂初始体重为（1.00±0.10） g的凡纳滨对虾49 d后，对对虾的生长性能指标以及胃消化酶、血清非特异性免疫酶的活性进行测定。每组3个重复，每个重复35尾对虾。海带渣酶解产物应用效果试验（试验2）：在试验1得出海带渣适宜添加比例为3.0%的基础上，以试验1中添加3.0%海带渣饲料作为海带渣对照组（A组），再分别用β-葡聚糖酶酶解海带渣（B组）和蛋白酶酶解海带渣（C组）等量替代A组饲料中的海带渣，投喂初始体重为（1.00±0.1） g的凡纳滨对虾56 d，试验结束后测定对虾的生长性能指标以及胃消化酶、血清非特异性免疫酶的活性。每组3个重复，每个重复35尾对虾。试验1结果显示：D4、D5组对虾的特定生长率、增重率显著高于对照组（P<0.05），D5组对虾的饲料系数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；随着海带渣添加比例的增加，胃中胃蛋白酶及血清中酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势，上述3种酶的活性均以D5组最高，且D5组血清中酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。试验2结果显示：与未经酶解的海带渣相比，海带渣经β-葡聚糖酶酶解后可显著提高对虾的增重率和特定生长率（P<0.05），并能显著降低饲料系数（P<0.05），海带渣经蛋白酶酶解后可显著提高对虾的成活率（P<0.05）；B和C组对虾的胃中纤维素酶活性较A组显著降低（P<0.05）；B和C组血清中酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化物酶活性以及C组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于A组（P<0.05）。由此得出，凡纳滨对虾饲料中海带渣的适宜添加比例为3.0%。海带渣经β-葡聚糖酶酶解后可促进凡纳滨对虾生长，提高其非特异性免疫力；而海带渣经蛋白酶酶解后可提高凡纳滨的非特异性免疫力，对其生长无促进作用。

关键词： 海带渣; 酶解产物; 南美白对虾; 生长性能; 消化酶; 非特异性免疫酶

本文引用格式

彭素晓, 常志强, 马骊, 李健 . 海带渣添加比例及其酶解产物对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化和非特异性免疫力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(7) : 2587 -2596 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.07.044

Abstract

This study focused on evaluating the effects of kelp meal adding proportion and enzymatic hydrolysates on growth, digestion and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. There were two experiments in this study: the optimal adding proportion experiment of kelp meal and the effect experiment of kelp meal enzymatic hydrolysates. The optimal adding proportion experiment of kelp meal (experiment one): according to a single factor experimental design, six diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 5.0% kelp meal (named as groups D1 to D6, respectively), respectively, fed the shrimps [initial body weight was (1.00±0.10) g] for 49 days, and then the growth performance indices, activities of digestive enzymes in stomach and non-specific immune enzymes in serum of Litopenaeus vannamei were measured. There were 3 replicates per group with 35 shrimps per replicate. The effect experiment of kelp meal enzymatic hydrolysates (experiment two): a diet with 3.0% kelp meal was kelp meal control group (group A) that based on the experiment one had the optimal adding proportion, and then 3.0% kelp meal after β-glucanase (group B) and protease treatment (group C) were used to replace an equal amount of kelp meal, respectively. The Litopenaeus vannamei with the initial body weight of (1.00±0.10) g were fed those diets for 56-day, the growth performance indices, activities of digestive enzymes in stomach and non-specific immune enzymes in serum of Litopenaeus vannamei were measured. There were 3 replicates per group with 35 shrimps per replicate. The results of experiment one showed as follows: the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in groups D4 and D5 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). In addition, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in D5 group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). With the kelp meal adding proportion increasing, the activities of pepsin (PP) in stomach, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO) in serum were firstly increased and then decreased. The activities of those three kinds of enzymes reached the maximum in D5 group, and the activities of serum PO and SOD in D5 group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The results of experiment two showed as follows: compared with kelp meal treated without enzyme, kelp meal treated by β-glucanase had significant influence on improving WGR, SGR and reducing FCR (P<0.05), and kelp meal treated by protease can significantly increase survival rate (SR) (P<0.05). The cellulase activity in stomach of groups B and C was significantly decreased compared with group A (P<0.05). The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and PO in serum of groups B and C and the serum SOD activity of group C were significantly higher than those of group A (P<0.05). It is suggested that the optimal adding proportion of kelp meal in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei is 3.0%. Kelp meal treated by β-glucanase can improve the growth performance and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, and treated by protease can improve non-specific immunity, but has no enhancement on growth of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Key words： kelp meal; enzymatic hydrolysates; Litopenaeus vannamei; growth performance; digestive enzymes; non-specific immune enzymes

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