综述 Review

猪内源氨产生机制及其营养调控措施

展开
  • 西南大学动物科技学院, 生物饲料与分子营养实验室, 重庆 400715
刘金艳(1990-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:969698993@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-03-31

  网络出版日期: 2017-09-28

基金资助

国家973重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB127303);重庆市自然基金(cstc2016jcyjA1414);国家948项目(2015Z74);国家留学基金委西部计划(201508505170);西南大学博士基金(SWU111002)

Production Mechanism and Nutritional Regulation Control Measures of Endogenous Ammonia in Pigs

Expand
  • Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received date: 2017-03-31

  Online published: 2017-09-28

摘要

猪内源氨产生过量对动物危害甚大,能引发多种炎症、抑制生长性能、降低免疫力、造成贫血和组织缺氧、丧失食欲,同时还能产生严重的环境污染。全面了解猪内源氨产生机制,并采取相应的营养调控减排措施从根本上减少氨的排放,对动物健康有着重要的意义。本文首先阐述了饲粮蛋白质降解产氨机制、肠道微生物产氨机制和谷氨酰胺的脱酰氨基作用产氨机制;然后从氨在肝脏和血液中循环过程解释其在体内的代谢过程;最后综述了目前国内外有关猪内源氨的营养调控措施,包括降低饲粮蛋白质水平、添加植物提取物和益生菌,以期为减少环境中氨的浓度及提高猪的生长性能提供理论依据。

本文引用格式

刘金艳, 唐志如, 毛俊霞, 王瑶, 李金龙 . 猪内源氨产生机制及其营养调控措施[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(10) : 3444 -3451 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.10.003

Abstract

Endogenous ammonia, which is very harmful to pigs when overdose, can cause a variety of inflammation, inhibit growth, reduce immunity, result in anemia and tissue hypoxia, loss of appetite, produce serious environmental pollution. A comprehensive understanding of pigs' endogenous ammonia production metabolism, and application of some appropriate nutritional control measures for reducing emission of ammonia have an important practical significance to pigs health. In this paper, we explained mechanism of degradation of ammonia in diet, mechanism of intestinal ammonia from microbial fermentation and deamination of glutamine, then explained metabolic process of ammonia in liver and blood circulation, and summarized current nutritional control measures related to pig endogenous ammonia, including reducing level of crude protein in diet, adding plant extracts and probiotics, for the purpose of providing theoretical basis for reducing ammonia content in environment and improving growth performance of pigs.

参考文献

[1] SUTTON M A,HOWARD C M,ERISMAN J W,et al.The European nitrogen assessment:sources,effects and policy perspectives[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011:345-376.

[2] 赵红军,王力臣.猪舍内氨气的危害[J].养殖技术顾问,2011(8):33.

[3] 张静,刘双红,孙斌.猪场舍内氨气对猪的危害[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(4):26.

[4] 贺勇,高宝秀,杨正兵,等.肝硬化患者消化道状态与血氨的关系研究[J].检验医学,2012,27(1):45-47.

[5] PUIMAN P1,STOLL B,MØLBAK L,et al.Modulation of the gut microbiota with antibiotic treatment suppresses whole body urea production in neonatal pigs[J].American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal Liver Physiology,2013,304(3):G300-G310.

[6] GARIBOTTO G,VERZOLA D,SOFIA A,et al.Mechanisms of renal ammonia production and protein turnover[J].Metabolic Brain Disease,2009,24(1):159-167.  

[7] 邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005:213-223.

[8] 高建萱.猪舍内氨气排放控制研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2011(6):340,345.

[9] 朱伟云,余凯凡,慕春龙,等.猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3046-3051.

[10] RUIZ-MOYANO S,MARTÍN A,BENITO M J,et al.Application of Lactobacillus fermentum HL57 and Pediococcus acidilactici SP979 as potential probiotics in the manufacture of traditional Iberian dry-fermented sausages[J] Food Microbiology,2011,28(5):839-847.  

[11] LINARES D M,MARTÍN M C,LADERO V,et al.Biogenic amines in dairy products[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2011,51(7):691-703.  

[13] JAMES L A,LUNN P G,MIDDLETON S,et al.Distribution of glutaminase and glutamine synthease activities in the human gastrointestinal tract[J].Clinical Science,1998,94(3):313-319.  

[14] CORVERA S,GARCIA-SÁINZ J A.Hormonal stimulation of mitochondrial glutaminase.Effects of vasopressin,angiotensin Ⅱ,adrenaline and glucagons[J].Biochemical Journal,1983,210(3):957-960.  

[15] ROMERO-GÍMEZ M,RAMOS-GUERRERO R,GRANDE L,et al.Intestinal glutaminase activity is increased in liver cirrhosis and correlates with minimal hepatic encephalopathy[J].Journal of Hepatology,2004,41(1):49-54.  

[16] SHERLOCK S,DOOLEY J S.Diseases of the liver and biliary system[M].Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2002:26-35.

[17] 刘北航.血氨检验方法以及临床意义[J].中外健康文摘,2010,7(22):142-143.

[18] 盛大平,徐元宏,李涛,等.血氨检测的临床适应证及其价值探讨[J].国际检验医学杂志,2010,31(6):565,567.

[19] VAN MILGEN J,DOURMAD J Y.猪理想蛋白质理念及应用[J].中国饲料,2015(12):39-42.

[20] 贺建华,符晨星,黄瑞林,等.猪氮代谢及其调控的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2012(S1):22-25.

[21] GALASSI G,COLOMBINI S,MALAGUTTI L,et al.Effects of high fibre and low protein diets on performance,digestibility,nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission in the heavy pig[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,161(3/4):140-148.

[22] HANSENA M J,NØRGAARDBN J V,PETER S A,et al.Effect of reduced crude protein on ammonia,methane,and chemical odorants emitted from pig houses[J].Livestock Science,2014,169:118-124.

[23] SHI B S,LIU J Y,SUN Z H,et al.The effects of different dietary crude protein level on faecal crude protein and amino acid flow and digestibility in growing pigs[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2016,doi:10.1080/09712119.2016.1260570.

[24] BALL M E E,MAGOWAN E,MCCRACKEN K J,et al.The effect of level of crude protein and available lysine on finishing pig performance,nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility[J].Asian-Australasian Journal Animal Science,2013,26(4):564-572.  

[25] HANSEN C F,SORENSEN G,LYNGBYE M.Reduced diet crude protein level,benzoic acid and inulin reduced ammonia,but failed to influence odour emission from finishing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2007,109(1/2/3):228-231.

[26] PHILIPPE F X,LAITAT M,CANART B,et al.Effects of a reduction of diet crude protein content on gaseous emissions from deep-litter pens for fattening pigs[J].Animal Research,2006,55(5):397-407.  

[27] 赖星,石宝石,刘金艳,等.日粮蛋白水平对生长育肥猪肠道微生物酶活性的影响.中国兽医学报,2017,37(2):327-334.

[27] 黄健,邓红,谢跃伟,等.低蛋白和杂粕日粮对生长猪生产性能、养分消化、血液指标和猪舍氨气的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,35(21):45-47.

[28] 鲁宁,张桂杰,谯仕彦.猪低蛋白质低氮排放日粮研究进展[J].猪业科学,2010,27(5):42-47.

[29] BSAS.Nutrient requirement standards for pigs[M].Penicuik:British Society of Animal Science,2003:29.

[30] SANTACRUZ-REYES R A,CHIEN Y H.Yucca schidigera extract-a bioresource for the reduction of ammonia from mariculture[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(14):5652-5657.  

[31] 周学光,张胜斌,梁秀珍,等.丝兰属提取物对降低封闭式妊娠母猪舍氨气浓度的试验[J].猪业科学,2015,32(7):91-92.

[32] COLINA J J,CHANG E J,MILLER P S,et al.Dietary manipulation to reduce aerial ammonia concentrations in nursery pig facilities[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(12):3096-3103.  

[33] 梁国旗,王旭平,王现盟,等.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):21-25.

[34] 肖英平,代兵,苏琴,等.猪场臭气的产生机理及植物提取物在除臭生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(22):60-64.

[35] 廖新俤,吴楚弘,雷东峰.活菌制剂改进猪氮转化和减少猪舍氨气的研究[J].家畜生态,2002,23(2):21-23.

[36] SOLGA S F.Probiotics can treat hepatic encephalopathy medical[J].Medical Hypothese,2003,61(2):307-313.  

[37] 王华,张淑梅,钟颖婷,等."乳菌宝"益生菌剂对断奶仔猪肠道生理生化指标的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(12):27-31.

[38] 郑卫国,李义,瞿文学,等.益生菌对猪舍内氨气浓度的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2017(2):50-51.

[39] WANG Y,CHO J H,CHEN Y J,et al.The effect of probiotic BioPlus 2B on growth performance,dry matter and nitrogen digestibility and slurry noxious gas emission in growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,120(1/2):35-42.

[40] 王涛,任景乐,祝贵华,等.复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡产蛋性能、免疫机能和盲肠微生物的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1551-1558.
文章导航

/