动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 4: 1245 - 1252

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.006

综述 Review

粗饲料对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育的影响及其作用机制

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  • 1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    2. 山西农业大学动物科技学院, 太谷 030801
解彪(1991-),男,山西清徐人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:xiebiao1122@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-10-18

  网络出版日期: 2018-04-03

基金资助

公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费（201303143，201403049）

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Effects of Forage on Rumen Development in Young Ruminants and Its Mechanisms

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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China

Received date: 2017-10-18

  Online published: 2018-04-03

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摘要

幼龄反刍动物瘤胃具有结构和功能不完善、微生物区系不健全等特点，出生后的前几个月瘤胃结构和功能发生了巨大的变化，并且幼龄阶段瘤胃结构和功能的发育程度直接影响到成年反刍动物的生产性能。研究发现仅饲喂精饲料容易引起幼畜瘤胃液pH降低、瘤胃乳头凝集和角化不全等症状，而补饲粗饲料明显提高了瘤胃液pH、促进了瘤胃肌肉层的发育及维持了瘤胃壁健康。本文综述了近年来关于粗饲料来源、水平和颗粒大小等对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃组织形态、微生物区系、发酵参数及瘤胃上皮物质吸收和转运功能的影响，并对其可能的机制进行阐述，以期为粗饲料在幼龄反刍动物饲粮中的应用研究提供参考。

关键词： 幼龄反刍动物; 粗饲料; 瘤胃; 调控; 机制

本文引用格式

解彪, 张乃锋, 张春香, 刁其玉 . 粗饲料对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育的影响及其作用机制[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(4) : 1245 -1252 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.006

Abstract

The rumen of young ruminants is non-functional with un-complete structure, and its microbiota has not yet been established. Structure and function of rumen undergo great changes in the first few months after birth. Meanwhile, functional rumen is vital to promote performance in adult life. Recent studies have shown that feeding young ruminants with only concentrate feeds reduced rumen fluid pH and caused ruminal papillae clumping and hyperkeratinization. However, supplemented feeding forage early in life can increase rumen fluid pH, stimulate the development of muscular layer of the rumen, and maintain healthiness of the rumen wall. This paper mainly reviewed effects of source, level and particle size of forage on regulating ruminal structure and morphology, microbiota, fermentation parameters and epithelium function of adsorption and transportation, and the potential mechanisms were also reviewed, aiming to provide references for the application of forage in feed of young ruminants.

Key words： young ruminant; forage; rumen; regulation; mechanism

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