动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 4: 1447 - 1456

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.028

饲料营养 Feed science and technology

黄芪多糖对杂交鳢生长性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力的影响

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  • 江苏农林职业技术学院, 畜牧兽医学院, 镇江 212400
王煜恒(1985-),男,江苏溧阳人,讲师,硕士,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:yuhengyg@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-10-07

  网络出版日期: 2018-04-03

基金资助

江苏省水产三新工程项目（Y2017-43）；江苏农林职业技术学院科技项目（2015kj005）；镇江市科技重点研发计划项目（NY2016004）；江苏农林职业技术学院科技创新团队（2013td07）；江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划（201613103013Y）

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Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidant Capability and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Snakehead

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  • College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China

Received date: 2017-10-07

  Online published: 2018-04-03

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摘要

本试验旨在研究黄芪多糖对杂交鳢生长性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力的影响。选取720尾健康的初重为（24.5±0.5）g的杂交鳢，随机分成6组（每组4个重复，每个重复30尾），分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0（APS0组，作为对照组）、0.25（APS0.25组）、0.50（APS0.50组）、1.00（APS1.00组）、1.50（APS1.50组）和2.00 g/kg（APS2.00组）黄芪多糖的试验饲料，养殖周期为60 d。结果显示：饲料中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖后鱼体的增重率均有所增加，其中APS1.50和APS2.00组与对照组的差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。饲料系数随黄芪多糖添加量的增加呈先下降后升高的趋势，以APS1.50组最低。肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和微绒毛长度均随黄芪多糖添加量的增加先不断升高，至添加量为1.50 g/kg时达到最高，继续增加添加量则有所下降。血浆中溶菌酶（LSZ）活性与补体3（C3）、补体4（C4）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量以及全血呼吸爆发活力均随黄芪多糖添加量的增加先升高后降低，且最高值均出现在APS1.50组，显著高于对照组（P<0.05），与APS1.00（C3含量除外）和APS2.00组差异不显著（P>0.05）。血浆中酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性的变化趋势与LSZ活性类似，但其最高值出现在APS1.00组。APS1.50组杂交鳢血浆和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），而丙二醛（MDA）含量则显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒，96 h内杂交鳢的累积死亡率最低的为APS1.50组，显著低于对照组及APS0.25和APS0.50组（P<0.05），但与APS1.00和APS2.00组差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此得出，饲料中添加适量的黄芪多糖能提高杂交鳢的生长性能、消化能力、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力；综合考虑各因素，杂交鳢饲料中黄芪多糖添加量以1.50 g/kg较为适宜。

关键词： 黄芪多糖; 杂交鳢; 生长性能; 免疫能力; 抗氧化能力; 抗病力

本文引用格式

王煜恒, 徐孝宙, 王会聪, 陈军, 张坤, 倪新毅 . 黄芪多糖对杂交鳢生长性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(4) : 1447 -1456 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.028

Abstract

This experiment aimed to determine the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of hybrid snakehead. A total of 720 healthy hybrid snakehead with the initial body weight of (24.5±0.5) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Group APS0, as the control group, was fed a basal diet without Astragalus polysaccharides, while groups APS0.25, APS0.50, APS1.00, APS1.50 and APS2.00, as trial groups, were fed the diet added with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 g/kg Astragalus polysaccharides, respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) of fish fed diets adding different levels of Astragalus polysaccharides was increased, and the difference between groups APS1.50 or APS2.00 and control group was significant (P<0.05); at the same time, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish was decreased firstly and then increased with the adding level of Astragalus polysaccharides increasing, and the lowest value was found in the group APS1.50. With the adding level of Astragalus polysaccharides increasing, the activities of intestine lipase and protease as well as the intestinal microvilli length of fish were increased continually, and all of them had the highest values when adding level was 1.50 g/kg, but continued to increase the adding level, they declined. Plasma lysozyme (LSZ) activity and component 3 (C3), component 4 (C4), immunoglobulin M (IgM) contents as well as whole blood respiratory burst vitality were increased firstly and then decreased with the adding level of Astragalus polysaccharides increasing, and all of them in group APS1.50 had the highest values which significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), but had no significant differences compared with groups APS1.00 (except C3 content) and APS2.00 (P>0.05). Plasma acid phosphatase activity (ACP) was similar to lysozyme activity, but the highest value appeared in group APS1.00. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in plasma and liver of fish in group APS1.50 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), but the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, the cumulative mortality of fish during 96 hours in group APS1.50 was the lowest, which was significantly lower than that in control group and groups APS0.25 and APS0.50 (P<0.05), but had no significant difference compared with groups APS1.00 and APS2.00 (P>0.05). The results indicate that diet adding Astragalus polysaccharides in appropriate levels can improve the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant capability of hybrid snakehead, as may consequently lead to enhance disease resistance. The adding level of Astragalus polysaccharides 1.50 g/kg is suggested after comprehensive analyses of all the influence factors.

Key words： Astragalus polysaccharide; hybrid snakehead; growth performance; immunity; antioxidant capability; disease resistance

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