苜蓿鲜草部分替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

李志才, 高帅, 段洪峰, 龙栋磊, 韩雪峰, 谭支良

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.042

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 4: 1566 - 1573

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.042

研究简报 Short communications

苜蓿鲜草部分替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

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1. 湖南德人牧业有限公司, 常德 415921;
2. 湖南省畜牧兽医研究所, 长沙 410131;
3. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化技术国家工程实验室, 湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125;
4. 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 长沙 410128

李志才(1970-),男,湖南宁乡人,副研究员,学士,主要从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail:974008674@qq.com

收稿日期: 2017-10-11

网络出版日期: 2018-04-03

基金资助

湖南省科技重大专项（2017NK1020）

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Effects of Partial Replacement of Alfalfa Hay with Fresh Alfalfa on Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dairy Cows

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1. Hunan Deren Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changde 415921, China;
2. Hunan Animal and Veterinarian Institute, Changsha 410131, China;
3. Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2017-10-11

Online published: 2018-04-03

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摘要

本试验旨在研究苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响。选用18头体重、胎次、产奶量相近，处于泌乳中期的健康荷斯坦奶牛，随机分成3组，每组6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂以苜蓿鲜草替代基础饲粮中50%和75%苜蓿青干草的试验饲粮。预试期15 d，正试期30 d。结果表明：1）苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛干物质采食量和产奶量均无显著影响（P>0.05），但各试验组乳体细胞数均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。2）苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛营养物质表观消化率无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。试验Ⅰ组奶牛的血清尿素氮含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05），对照组和试验Ⅱ组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。4）与对照组相比，试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的经济效益均有所增加，其中试验Ⅱ组净增收益最高，为9.06元/（头·d）。综合得出，苜蓿鲜草可以部分替代奶牛饲粮中苜蓿青干草而不影响生产性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标，且能增加经济效益。

关键词： 奶牛; 苜蓿鲜草; 苜蓿青干草; 生产性能; 血清生化指标

本文引用格式

李志才, 高帅, 段洪峰, 龙栋磊, 韩雪峰, 谭支良 . 苜蓿鲜草部分替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(4) : 1566 -1573 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.042

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with different proportions of fresh alfalfa on performance and serum biochemical parameters of dairy cows. Eighteen healthy Holstein cows at mid-lactation with similar parity, body weight and milk yield were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 cows per group. Different proportions[0 (control group), 50% (trial group Ⅰ) and 75% (trial group Ⅱ)] of alfalfa hay in a basal diet were replaced with fresh alfalfa, and those diets were used to feed cows in different groups. The pretrial lasted for 15 d, and the trial lasted for 30 d. The results showed as follows:1) dry matter intake and milk yield were not significantly affected by replacing alfalfa hay with different proportions of fresh alfalfa (P>0.05), but milk somatic cell count of trial groups was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). 2) Apparent nutrient digestibility was not significantly affected by replacing alfalfa hay with different proportions of fresh alfalfa (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein contents, and alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not significantly affected by replacing alfalfa hay with different proportions of fresh alfalfa (P>0.05). Serum urinary nitrogen content of trial group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of control group and trial group Ⅱ (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in control group and trial group Ⅱ (P>0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the economic benefit of trial groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was increased, especially trial group Ⅱ and it had the highest added profit which was 9.05 yuan/(head·d). Therefore, alfalfa hay can be partially replaced with fresh alfalfa in dairy cow diet without effects on performance, digestion metabolism, serum biochemical parameters and improve the economic benefits.

Key words： Holstein cow; fresh alfalfa; alfalfa hay; performance; serum biochemical parameters

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