动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 6: 2097 - 2108

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.06.012

猪营养 Swine Nutrition

21日龄断奶对仔猪肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障的影响

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  • 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
夏冰(1990-),女,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,从事单胃动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:xiabingcaas@126.com

收稿日期: 2017-11-27

  网络出版日期: 2018-06-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（31501960）；中国农业科学院创新工程（ASTIP-IAS07）；国家自然科学基金（31672428）

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Effects of Weaning at 21 Days of Age on Intestinal Morphology, Permeability and Mucosal Barrier of Piglets

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  • State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2017-11-27

  Online published: 2018-06-20

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摘要

本试验旨在研究21日龄断奶对仔猪肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障的影响。采用2×3双因子完全随机试验设计，组别（哺乳组、断奶组）和日龄（22、24和28日龄）为2个主效应。选取6窝体况相近的健康大白仔猪，每窝选取6头平均体重为（6.1±0.2）kg的仔猪，随机分为2组，分别为断奶组和哺乳组，每组18头，分别于22、24和28日龄时屠宰，测定其生长性能、肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障。结果表明：1）28日龄时，断奶组仔猪的末重和平均日增重均极显著低于哺乳组（P<0.01）。2）组别和日龄对仔猪的空肠隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度、回肠绒毛高度有极显著交互作用（P<0.01）；断奶组的空肠、回肠隐窝深度极显著高于哺乳组（P<0.01），空肠、回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著低于哺乳组（P<0.01）；哺乳组28日龄时的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著高于22和24日龄时（P<0.01），24日龄时的回肠绒毛高度极显著高于22日龄时（P<0.01）。3）组别和日龄对仔猪的空肠黏膜二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性有显著交互作用（P<0.05），断奶组的空肠、回肠黏膜DAO活性显著低于哺乳组（P<0.05）。4）组别和日龄对仔猪空肠黏膜闭锁蛋白（occludin）的mRNA表达量有极显著交互作用（P<0.01）；空肠黏膜闭锁小带蛋白1（ZO-1）和哺乳组空肠黏膜occludin的mRNA表达量随着日龄的增加先升高后降低（P<0.05）；与哺乳组相比，断奶组回肠黏膜ZO-1、occludin和24日龄时空肠黏膜occludin的mRNA表达量显著降低（P<0.05）；24日龄时回肠黏膜ZO-1的mRNA表达量显著高于22日龄时（P<0.05）。5）组别和日龄对仔猪空肠黏膜肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的mRNA表达量有显著交互作用（P<0.05）；断奶组24和28日龄时空肠黏膜TNF-α的mRNA表达量显著高于哺乳组（P<0.05），空肠黏膜白细胞介素10（IL-10）的mRNA表达量显著低于哺乳组（P<0.05）。回肠黏膜白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）的mRNA表达量随着日龄的增加而降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，哺乳仔猪22~28日龄时肠道发育趋于成熟，而断奶会破坏仔猪肠道上皮细胞的结构和紧密连接蛋白的mRNA表达，引起肠道绒毛变短和脱落、肠道通透性增加和炎症反应，降低平均日增重。

关键词： 断奶仔猪; 肠道形态; 肠道通透性; 肠黏膜屏障

本文引用格式

夏冰, 孟庆石, 解竞静, 吴维达, 冯潇慧, 唐湘方, 张宏福 . 21日龄断奶对仔猪肠道形态、肠道通透性及肠黏膜屏障的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(6) : 2097 -2108 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.06.012

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning at 21 days of age on intestinal morphology, permeability and mucosal barrier of piglets. According to 2×3 double-factor completely randomized test design, groups (nursing group and weaning group) and days of age (22, 24 and 28 days of age) as the two main factors. Healthy Yorkshire piglets with similar body condition were selected from 6 litters, and 6 piglets with average body weight of (6.1±0.2) kg were selected from each litter and assigned to 2 groups (nursing group and weaning group) with 18 piglets per group. Piglets were slaughtered at 22, 24 and 28 days of age, respectively, and growth performance, intestinal morphology, permeability and mucosal barrier were measured. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight and average daily gain of piglets in weaning group were significantly lower than that in nursing group at 28 days of age (P<0.01). 2) There were significant interactions of group and days of age on crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum and villus height of ileum of piglets (P<0.01). Crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in weaning group was significantly higher than that in nursing group (P<0.01), and villus height and V/C of jejunum and ileum in weaning group were significantly lower than that in nursing group (P<0.01). V/C of jejunum in nursing group at 28 days of age was significantly higher than that at 22 and 24 days of age (P<0.01), and villus height of ileum at 24 days of age was significantly higher than that at 22 days of age (P<0.01). 3) There was significant interaction of group and days of age on the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) of jejunal mucosa of piglets (P<0.05), and the activity of DAO of jejunal and ileal mucosa in weaning group was significantly lower than that of nursing group (P<0.05). 4) There was significant interaction of group and days of age on the mRNA expression of occludin of jejunal mucosa of piglets (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of occludin of jejunal mucosa in nursing group and zonuls occludens (ZO-1) of jejunal mucosa increased first and then decreased with the increasing of days of age (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of occludin of jejunal mucosa at 24 days of age and ZO-1 and occludin of ileal mucosa in weaning group were significantly lower than that in nursing group (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression of ZO-1 of ileal mucosa at 24 days of age was significantly higher than that at 22 days of age (P<0.05). 5) There was significant interaction of group and days of age on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of jejunal mucosa of piglets (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of TNF-α of jejunal mucosa at 24 and 28 days of age in weaning group was significantly higher than that in nursing group (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) of jejunal mucosa was significantly lower than that in nursing group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) of ileal mucosa was decreased with the increasing of days of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, the intestinal development of nursing piglets becomes mature from 22 to 28 days of age, but weaning breaks the structure of intestinal epithelial cell of piglets and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, causes intestinal villus shorted and fell off, intestinal permeability increased, inflammatory response and average daily gain decreased.

Key words： weaning piglets; intestinal morphology; intestinal permeability; intestinal macosal barrier

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