动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 7: 2510 - 2518

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.07.011

猪营养 Swine Nutrition

饲粮蛋白质水平及纤维来源对生长猪盲肠液特性的影响

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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 广东温氏食品集团股份有限公司, 新兴 527400
党方昆(1992-),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,从事饲料养分生物学效价评定的研究。E-mail:dangfangkun@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-12-19

  网络出版日期: 2018-07-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（31172215）；中国农业科学院科研英才培育工程；广东温氏食品集团股份有限公司合作项目（2018-YF-01）

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Effects of Dietary Protein Levels and Fiber Sources on Characteristics of Cecal Fluid of Growing Pigs

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Guangdong WENS Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Xinxing 527400, China

Received date: 2017-12-19

  Online published: 2018-07-20

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摘要

本试验旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质水平与纤维来源对生长猪盲肠液消化酶活性及水解能力的影响，为生长猪大肠消化液的模拟提供参考。试验1考察饲粮的蛋白质水平（饲粮1和饲粮2粗蛋白质含量分别为19.03%和13.96%）对生长猪盲肠液组成的影响。采用完全随机设计，将12头在盲肠安装瘘管的生长猪按体重随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪，预试期5 d，正试期10 d。试验2在试验1结束并经过10 d恢复期后考察饲粮的纤维来源（饲粮3：玉米-大豆皮饲粮；饲粮4：玉米-小麦麸饲粮）对生长猪盲肠液组成的影响，试验设计同试验1。试验3在试验1和试验2获得猪盲肠食糜的基础上考察盲肠液的来源与底物对还原糖释放量的影响。采用4×8两因素完全随机设计，盲肠液来源设4个处理，分别为试验猪饲喂饲粮1、饲粮2、饲粮3和饲粮4后收集的盲肠液；底物为8个处理，包括饲粮1~4、2个玉米-豆粕饲粮（饲粮5和6）和饲喂饲粮5和6后获得的回肠冻干食糜。每个处理5个重复，每个重复1根消化管。结果表明：1）高蛋白质饲粮（饲粮1）与低蛋白质饲粮（饲粮2）相比显著降低猪盲肠食糜干物质含量（P ≤ 0.05），饲粮蛋白质水平对盲肠液pH以及纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶活性无显著影响（P>0.05）；2）饲粮纤维来源对猪盲肠食糜干物质含量、pH以及纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）；3）盲肠液来源和底物对还原糖释放量均有显著的影响（P<0.05），且两者对还原糖释放量有显著的互作效应（P<0.05），盲肠液中水解酶活性高，饲粮纤维含量低，则盲肠液体外消化后还原糖释放量多。盲肠液中木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶、中性蛋白酶及淀粉酶活性影响了对饲粮的消化能力，而木聚糖酶与淀粉酶活性影响了对回肠末端食糜的消化能力。由此表明，饲粮营养水平虽然对生长猪盲肠液中6种水解酶活性影响未达到统计学显著性，但多种水解酶微小的差异叠加后引起了水解能力的差异。

关键词： 生长猪; 盲肠食糜; 消化酶活性; 水解能力

本文引用格式

党方昆, 赵峰, 高理想, 高庆涛, 王亚, 张虎, 赵江涛, 张宏福, 王建兵 . 饲粮蛋白质水平及纤维来源对生长猪盲肠液特性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(7) : 2510 -2518 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.07.011

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels and fiber sources on the activities of digestive enzyme and hydrolytic ability of cecal fluid, which will provide a reference for simulating large intestinal fluid of growing pigs. The experiment 1 was conducted on the influence of dietary protein levels (the crude protein content in diets 1 and 2 was 19.03% and 13.96%, respectively) on the composition of cecal fluid of growing pigs. Using a completely randomized design, 12 caecum-cannulated pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the body weight. Each group consisted of 6 replicates with 1 pig in each. There were 5 days of adaption period and 10 days of test period. After the experiment 1 and pigs were recovered for 10 days, the experiment 2 used the similar experimental design as the experiment 1 and was conducted on the effects of dietary fiber sources (corn-soybean hull diet for diet 3 and corn-wheat bran diet for diet 4) on the composition of cecal fluid of growing pigs. The experiment 3 was to study the effects of substrates and sources of cecal liquid on the amount of released reducing sugar. Four sources of cecal fluid prepared from pigs fed diets 1, 2, 3 or 4 and eight sources of substrates including diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and two corn-soybean meal diets (diets 5 and 6) as well as 2 sources of freeze-dried ileal digesta collected from the pigs fed diets 5 or 6 were used in a 4×8 factorial arrangement. Each treatment contained 5 replicates with 1 digestion tube in each. The results showed as follows:1) compared with low-protein diet, high-protein diet significantly decreased the dry matter content in cecal digeta (P ≤ 0.05), whereas the dietary protein level had no influence on the pH and activities of cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, neutral protease and acid protease in cecal fluid (P>0.05). 2) The source of dietary fiber didn't affect the dry matter content in cecal digesta, pH, and activities of cellulose, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, neutral protease and acid protease in cecal fluid (P>0.05). 3) The significant effect of source of cecal fluid and substrate as well as their interaction were observed on the amount of released reducing sugar (P<0.05). Higher enzyme activity of cecal fluid or low fiber content of diet made more reducing sugar release in the in vitro digestion with cecal fluid. The activities of xylanase, glucanase, neutral protease and amylase significantly affected the digestive ability of cecal fluid to the diets. However, the activities of xylanase and amylase significantly affected the digestive ability of cecal fluid to terminal ileal digesta. These results suggest that dietary nutrient levels do not affect the activities of 6 hydrolytic enzymes, however, the combination of small difference in activities of some hydrolytic enzymes leads to the differences in hydrolytic capacity of cecal fluid.

Key words： growing pig; cecal digesta; activities of digestive enzyme; hydrolysis capacity

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