[1] NRC.Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academies Press,2011:601-602.
[2] YALCIN H.Chapter 35-Supplemental fish oil and its impact on n-3 fatty acids in eggs[M]//HESTER P.Egg innovations and strategies for improvements[M].2nd ed.San Diego:Academic Press,2017:373-381.
[3] LIU W M,LAI S J,LU L Z,et al.Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters,fatty acid compositions,and liver histology in
Shaoxing laying ducks[J].Journal of
Zhejiang University Science B,2011,12(9):736-743.

[4] KOUBA M,MOUROT J.A review of nutritional effects on fat composition of animal products with special emphasis on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Biochimie,2011,93(1):13-17.

[5] SHEARER G C,SAVINOVA O V,HARRIS W S.Fish oil-How does it reduce plasma triglycerides?[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta:Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,2012,1821(5):843-851.

[6] HAAK L,DE SMET S,FREMAUT D,et al.Fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork as influenced by duration and time of dietary linseed or fish oil supplementation1[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(6):1418-1425.

[7] HAUG A,NYQUIST N F,THOMASSEN M,et al.n-3 fatty acid intake altered fat content and fatty acid distribution in chicken breast muscle,but did not influence mRNA expression of lipid-related enzymes[J].Lipids in Health and Disease,2014,13(1):92.
[8] AGHAEI N,SAFAMEHR A,MEHMANNAVAZ Y,et al.Blood and tissue fatty acid compositions,lipoprotein levels,performance and meat flavor of broilers fed fish oil:changes in the pre-and post-withdrawal design[J].Animal,2012,6(12):2031-2040.

[9] LEMAHIEU C,BRUNEEL C,TERMOTE-VERHALLE R,et al.Impact of feed supplementation with different omega-3 rich microalgae species on enrichment of eggs of laying hens[J].Food Chemistry,2013,141(4):4051-4059.

[10] ANTRUEJO A,AZCONA J O,GARCIA P T,et al.Omega-3 enriched egg production:the effect of α-linolenic ω-3 fatty acid sources on laying hen performance and yolk lipid content and fatty acid composition[J].British Poultry Science,2011,52(6):750-760.

[11] ZHANG C,LIAN C J,YANG Z J,et al.Effects of different fatty source on fatty liver performance and composition of fatty liver in Landes goose[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2012,11(16):2964-2968.

[12] 程伶.油脂对家禽的特殊能量效果[J].国外畜牧科技,1991,18(2):32,45.
[13] 杜雪,田勇,卢立志.家禽脂类代谢的营养调控及其分子机理研究进展[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(5):740-743.
[14] DU X,LIU Y,LU L,et al.Effects of dietary fats on egg quality and lipid parameters in serum and yolks of Shan Partridge Duck[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(5):1184-1190.
[15] WOODS V B,FEARON A M.Dietary sources of unsaturated fatty acids for animals and their transfer into meat,milk and eggs:a review[J].Livestock Science,2009,126(1/2/3):1-20.
[16] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 823-2004家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[17] FOLCH J,LEES M,SLOANE STANLEY G H.A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues[].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1957,226(1):497-509.
[18] MORRISON W R,SMITH L M.Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol[J].Journal of Lipid Research,1964,5(4):600-608.
[19] ABEDI E,SAHARI M A.Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid sources and evaluation of their nutritional and functional properties[J].Food Science & Nutrition,2014,2(5):443-463.

[20] 廉传江,牛淑玲,朱彤,等.不同脂肪源对填饲鹅肥肝及生产性能影响的研究[J].饲料工业,2007,28(19):30-32.
[21] 熊秋芳,张效明,文静,等.菜籽油与不同食用植物油营养品质的比较——兼论油菜品质的遗传改良[J].中国粮油学报,2014,29(6):122-128.
[22] 鲍明道,王亚琴,石吉天,等.鹅填肥饲料中添加动植物性油脂对肥肝性能的影响[J].畜禽业,2006(16):18-19.
[23] 许春兰.不同植物油脂对樱桃谷鸭肥肝脂肪代谢及胆固醇含量影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南宁:广西大学,2007:25-39.
[24] 夏中生.饲粮中不同油脂对生长鸡组织脂质含量及其脂肪酸组成的影响[J].广西农业大学学报,1998,17(4):323-332.
[25] PINCHASOV Y,NIR I.Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration on performance,fat deposition,and carcass fatty acid composition in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1992,71(9):1504-1512.

[26] 万文菊.添加不同油脂对北京鸭生产性能、血脂及组织脂肪酸组成的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2003:18-39.
[27] EDWARDS H M,Jr,MAY K N.Studies with menhaden oil in practical-type broiler rations[J].Poultry Science,1965,44(3):685-689.

[28] 安文俊.日粮中添加不同配比油脂对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质及脂肪代谢影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2010:38-43.
[29] 蔡泽华,郭建同.肉用仔鸡日粮添加棕榈油饲养试验[J].福建畜牧兽医,2000,22(5):4-5.
[30] 朱建平,朱建津,王希东,等.各种油脂在肉用仔鸡配合饲料中的应用效果比较研究[J].饲料工业,1997,18(4):5-6.
[31] 冯定远,曾小玲,王征,等.三种饲用油脂在生长后期肉鸡日粮中应用效果的比较[J].中国饲料,1997(1):19-20.
[32] KANG J X,LEAF A.The cardiac antiarrhythmic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid[J].Lipids,1996,31(Suppl.):S41-S44.
[33] CYBULSKA I.n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in cardiovascular disease[J].Przeglad Lekarski,2006,63(8):685-687.
[34] FERNANDEZ M L,WEST K L.Mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids modulate plasma lipids[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2005,135(9):2075-2078.

[35] CEDÍ L,METSO J,SANTOS D,et al.Consumption of polyunsaturated fat improves the saturated fatty acid-mediated impairment of HDL antioxidant potential[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2015,59(10):1987-1996.

[36] TRAUTWEIN E A,RIECKHOFF D,KUNATH-RAU A,et al.Replacing saturated fat with PUFA-rich (sunflower oil) or MUFA-rich (rapeseed,olive and high-oleic sunflower oil) fats resulted in comparable hypocholesterolemic effects in cholesterol-fed hamsters[J].Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,1999,43(3):159-172.

[37] PHETTEPLACE H W,WATKINS B A.Lipid measurements in chickens fed different combinations of chicken fat and menhaden oil[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1990,38(9):1848-1853.

[38] 朱丽慧,武艳军,关佳佳,等.填饲对朗德鹅血液指标、组织营养成分以及肝脏组织学的影响[J].中国家禽,2010,32(3):28-31.
[39] METWALLY N S,KHOLEIF T E,GHANEM K Z,et al.The protective effects of fish oil and artichoke on hepatocellular carcinoma in rats[J].European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences,2011,15(12):1429-1444.
[40] WESTERBACKA J,LAMMI K,HAKKINEN A M,et al.Dietary fat content modifies liver fat in overweight nondiabetic subjects[J].The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,2005,90(5):2804-2809.

[41] QIU H,JIN M,LI Y,et al.Dietary lipid sources influence fatty acid composition in tissue of large yellow croaker (
Larmichthys crocea) by regulating triacylglycerol synthesis and catabolism at the transcriptional level[J].PLoS One,2017,12(1):e169985.
[42] CHEN X,DU X,SHEN J L,et al.Original research:effect of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile in duck liver:efficient conversion of short-chain to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids[J].Experimental Biology and Medicine,2017,242(1):80-87.

[43] 周磊,曾秋凤,张克英,等.填饲能量相同时不同油脂对肉鸭肥肝质量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(6):1558-1565.
[44] TⅡKKAINEN M,BERGHOLM R,VEHKAVAARA S,et al.Effects of identical weight loss on body composition and features of insulin resistance in obese women with high and low liver fat content[J].Diabetes,2003,52(3):701-707.

[45] LÍPEZ-FERRER S,BAUCELLS M D,BARROETA A C,et al.n-3 enrichment of chicken meat.1.Use of very long-chain fatty acids in chicken diets and their influence on meat quality:fish oil[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(6):741-752.

[46] GHASEMIFARD S,HERMON K,TURCHINI G M,et al.Metabolic fate (absorption,β-oxidation and deposition) of long-chain n-3 fatty acids is affected by sex and by the oil source (krill oil or fish oil) in the rat[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2015,114(5):684-692.