动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 7: 2561 - 2570

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.07.016

反刍动物营养 Ruminant nutrition

全混合日粮粗饲料水平对奶牛的挑食行为、瘤胃内容物及血清指标的影响

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  • 1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院, 泰安 271018;
    2. 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250100;
    3. 山东省畜禽疫病防治与繁育重点实验室, 济南 250100
姜富贵(1988-),男,山东泰安人,博士,从事反刍动物营养生理研究。E-mail:fgjiang2017@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-02-20

  网络出版日期: 2018-07-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（31572427，31372340）；国家现代农业（奶业）产业技术体系（CARS-37）；山东省牛产业技术体系（SDAIT-12-011-06）

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Effects of Forage Level of Total Mixed Ration on Sorting Behavior, Rumen Content and Serum Indicators of Dairy Cows

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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
    3. Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 250100, China

Received date: 2018-02-20

  Online published: 2018-07-20

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摘要

本试验旨在研究全混合日粮粗饲料水平对奶牛挑食行为、瘤胃内环境及血清指标的影响。选用12头泌乳中期[泌乳天数（119±26）d]经产荷斯坦奶牛[体重（629±46）kg]，随机分为4组，每组中1头安装瘤胃瘘管，按4×4拉丁方设计，饲喂粗饲料水平分别为40%、50%、60%和70%（干物质基础）的4种全混合日粮。共进行4期动物试验，每期试验21 d。结果表明：饲粮粗饲料水平对奶牛挑食行为有显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）影响。饲粮粗饲料水平为40%时，奶牛喜食粒度≥ 4 mm饲粮，厌食粒度<4 mm饲粮，但饲粮粗饲料水平>40%时，奶牛喜食粒度<4 mm饲粮，厌食粒度≥ 4 mm饲粮。饲粮粗饲料水平对瘤胃内容物各层粒度分布无显著影响（P>0.05）。随饲粮粗饲料水平的增加，瘤胃液外流速度和瘤胃固相外流速度呈显著线性增加（P<0.05），瘤胃内容物重量和瘤胃液体积无显著变化（P>0.05）；血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）含量呈显著线性增加（P<0.01），瘦素（LEP）和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）含量有线性增加趋势（0.05 ≤ P < 0.10），血清生长激素（GH）和胰岛素（INS）含量有线性降低的趋势（0.05 ≤ P < 0.10）。综上所述，饲粮粗饲料水平是影响奶牛挑食行为、瘤胃内容物及血清指标的重要因素。

关键词： 奶牛; 粗饲料水平; 挑食行为; 瘤胃内容物; 血清指标

本文引用格式

姜富贵, 林雪彦, 闫振贵, 侯秋玲, 王云, 胡志勇, 王中华 . 全混合日粮粗饲料水平对奶牛的挑食行为、瘤胃内容物及血清指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(7) : 2561 -2570 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.07.016

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of forage level of total mixed ration on sorting behavior, rumen content and serum indicators of dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows[body weight was (616.8±44.3) kg]at mid-lactation[days in milk was (119±26) d] were randomly assigned to 4 groups in a 4×4 Latin square experiment with one cow surgically fitted with rumen cannula in each group. Cows were fed total mixed rations containing 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% roughage (dry matter basis), respectively.There were 4 stage animal tests, each stage lasted for 21 days. The results showed that dietary forage level significantly affected sorting behaviour of cows (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Cows sorted particles retained above 4 mm sieves and sorted against particles retained below 4 mm sieves when dietary forage level was 40%; However, cows sorted particles retained below 4 mm sieves and sorted against particles retained above 4 mm sieves when dietary forage level was greater than 40%. Dietary forage level did not affect the particle size distribution in rumen (P>0.05). When dietary forage level increased, the rumen liquid outflow velocity and rumen solid outflow velocity were linearly increased (P<0.05), but the rumen content weight and rumen liquid volume did no changed (P>0.05), the serum insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) content was linearly increased (P<0.05), the contents of leptin (LEP) and non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in serum tended to increase (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10), and the contents of growth hormone (GH) and insulin (INS) in serum tended to decrease (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10). In conclusion, dietary forage level is an important factor on sorting behavior, rumen content and serum indicators.

Key words： dairy cow; dietary forage level; sorting behavior; rumen content; serum indicators

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